1. Passive houses

3. The passive house criteria
Passive House Institute Darmstadt:
Heating energy demand <15 kWh/m2year
Total primary energy consumption <120 kWh/m2year
Air-tightness: n50 < 0,6 h-1

4. Case study: Kranichstein, Darmstadt
and the total energy demand recommended to be kept lower than 42 Kh/m2 year.
The passive house built in Darmstand-Kranchstein in Germany will be taken as an example to understand what the passive house is.

5. The thermal insulation

6. The thermal insulation
External wall construction:
A masony sand-lime block wall with gypsum plaster inside.
Outside a double-layer with an insulation thickness fixed as an outside mineral cast.
The construction has a U-value of 0,138W/(m²K)

7. The thermal insulation
The unheated spaces are thermally separated
closed thermal envelope
extremely good insulation properties
air-tightness

8. Thermal bridges

9. Superwindows in the passive house

10. superwindows
The windows are the passive solar « collectors » of the house.
The surface temperatures in the interior do not drop down 17°C. This effect is important for good comfort in a room that has no radian heat sources

11. superwindows The 3- pale superglazing used in the passive house
In each space between panes, one surface is reflective for the termal radiation.
In the panes the exterior and interior are coated

12. superwindows
The influence of the south-facing glazed area on the annual heat requirement shows the heating savings that are achievable through solars gains thanks to large facing glazing.

13. superwindows
The CO2- foamed polyurethane mouldings for the windows were glued onto the outside of the frame and screwed on inside

14. Air-tightness

15. airtightness
The pressurization test result shows that houses are too airtight to ensure hygienic insulation and there are not airtight enough to permit a functionning controlled ventilation system.
The low-energy houses can be satisfied without trouble

16. airtightness
Polyethene foils ensure the airtghtness of the roof construction:
at the same time, the foils forms a vapour barrier preventing the moistures onto the cavities
The foile were tacked in large sheets directly bemow the battens.
The tacking points are convered with adesive strips

17. Hibahely keresés (hézagok)
Blower-door rendszer
Hibahely keresés (hézagok)
Légáram mérés
V50 [m3/h]

18. Blower door

19. Leakage detection
kézzel
anemométerrel
füstgenerátorral
termovízióval

20. Avoid gaps

27. Ventilation system

28. The ventilation system
Cross section of ventilation system :
The subsoil heat exchanger
The channel of air

29. The subsoil heat exchanger
Reduce heat losses with a highly counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger
More than 80% of heat recovery was measured

30. The subsoil heat exchanger
Put in place directly after excavating :
flexible plastic pipes
High-performance filter at the fresh air inlet (to prevent soiling of the subsoil heat exchanger piping).

31. The channel of air
After flowing through the counterflow, the air is drawn to the living room on the northem and southem sides of the house.

32. Water heating with flat solar collectors
The flat solar thermal collector was fitted on the roof of of the passive house.

33. Water heating with flat solar collectors
The flat solar collectors contribute a solar fraction of about 66% of domestic hot water demand.

34. Heat generation

35. Efficient electricity used
The average electricity consumption :
11,65 kWh/(m²a)
savings : 62,4 %
The ventilation system accounted :
2,9 kWh/(m²a)

36. PASSIVE HOUSE COMPACT UNIT
drexel und weiss
aerosmart

37. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

38. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

39. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

40. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

41. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

42. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

43. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

44. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

45. HEATING WITH AIR HEAT PUMP FROM EXHAUST AIR

46. Thank you for your attention!