1. Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development

2. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
At each stage of development presents a new crisis to be resolved
Focuses attention on that issue
By end of period:
Crisis resolved positively – healthy development
Crisis resolved negatively – hinders further psychological development

3. Trust vs. Mistrust Infancy (birth – 1 year)
Infants learn to trust that their needs will be met by the world, especially by the mother – or they learn to mistrust the world

4. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Toddlerhood (1-2 years)
Children learn to exercise will, to make choices, and to control themselves – or they become uncertain and doubt that they can do things by themselves

5. Initiative vs. Guilt Preschooler (3-5 years)
Children learn to initiate activities and enjoy their accomplishments, acquiring direction and purpose. Or, if they are not allowed initiative, they feel guilty for their attempts at independence.

6. Industry (Competence) vs. Inferiority
Elementary school age (6 years – puberty)
Children develop a sense of industry and curiosity and are eager to learn – or they feel inferior and lose interest in the tasks before them.

7. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescence (teens – 20s)
Adolescents come to see themselves as unique and integrated persons with an ideology – or they become confused about what they want out of life

8. Intimacy vs. Isolation Early Adulthood (20s – early 40s)
Young people become able to commit themselves to another person – or they develop a sense of isolation and feel they have no one in the world but themselves

9. Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle Age (40s – 60s)
Adults are willing to have and care for children and to devote themselves to their work and the common good – or they become self-centered and inactive

10. Integrity vs. Despair Old Age (late 60s and up)
Older people enter a period of reflection becoming assured that their lives have been meaningful and ready to face death with acceptance and dignity. Or they are in despair for their unaccomplished goals, failures, and ill-spent lives