1. Cardiovascular System

2. Parts of the Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is a crucial system in the body. Its function is to circulate blood throughout the body and transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cells to all each organs and tissues. This system is made up of three elements: the heart, pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation.

3. The Heart
The heart is the major organ of the cardiovascular system. It is a muscular organ that contracts about times a minute to pump blood throughout your body. The heart contains four chambers--two ventricles and two atria that are separated by valves. Each atrium is a small chamber that primarily collects blood returning to the heart. This is from the pulmonary circulation. Each ventricle is a chamber, large in size that pumps blood out into the circulation. Also located in the heart is the tricuspid valve which separates the right atrium and ventricle. There are three flaps that prevent blood from flowing backwards from the right ventricle into the right atrium. Nearby is the mitral valve, which contains two flap-like values that separate the left atrium and the left ventricle.

4. Knowledge Check 1
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5. Heart Layers and Membranes
The outer side of the heart cardiac muscles is thick for the constant contracting and relaxing of every heartbeat. This thick tissue wall consists of three layers of tissue: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. The thin inner lining of the heart wall is called the endocardium. The myocardium lining is thick and muscular. This is the middle layer of the heart wall. Lastly, the epicardium is a protective layer located on the outside of the heart.

6. Knowledge Check 2 Endocardium = innermost layer of the heart.
Myocardium = cardiac muscle.
Epicardium = contains fat which helps cushion the heart against blunt trauma.
Pericardium = membrane around the heart.
Endocarditis = Inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart and heart valves
Myocarditis = Inflammation of muscular layer of heart that can lead to weakening of heart wall.
Pericarditis = inflammation of the membrame.
Match each term to the correct definition.

7. Electrocardiograms
Animate ECG line going across and maybe each panel behind it appear as it goes?
Electrical activity in the heart controls contraction of the atria and ventricles. These contractions comprise what is commonly called a heartbeat. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of this electrical activity using an electrocardiograph. An ECG can help pinpoint problems with the heart related to abnormal patterns and functioning of the cardiovascular system.

8. Knowledge Check 3 Tachycardia– rapid heart rate.
Bradycardia – slow heart rate
Atrial flutter – abnormally rapid rate of depolarization
Node – collection of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that have a specific rate of activity
Sinoatrial node – called the “natural pacemaker”
Atriventricular node – the “secondary pacemaker”
Match each term to the correct definition.

9. Chest Pain Picture of person grabbing chest?
Chest pain is often a sign of cardiac issues. Myocardial infarctions and angina pectoris may both cause chest pain. However, other less serious conditions such as heartburn and strained muscles may also result in a similar feeling of chest pain or pressure. Several diagnostic tests are available to help determine what is causing chest pain.

10. Knowledge Check 4
Stress test – ECG performed while a patient exercises.
Chest x-ray – shows size and shape of lungs and heart
Echocardiogram – Uses sound saves to visualize shape or defects of heart
Arrhythmias – abnormal heart rhythms or rates
Congestive heart failure – inability of heart to pump effectively
Myocardial infarction – death of tissue due to oxygen deprivation.
Match each test or pathology to the correct description.

11. Summary
The cardiovascular system is an amazing system and very crucial for our organs. The main function of this system is to circulate blood throughout your body and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and cells to all your organs and tissues.