1. Medicines and Drugs

2. Types of Medicines
Medicines are classified based on how they work in your body Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions Drugs- substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines.

3. Medicines to prevent illness:
Drugs are effective in treating illness when taken as directed by a physician or according to the label.
Medicines to prevent illness:
Prevent diseases
Fight pathogens
Relieve pain and other symptoms
Manage chronic conditions, help maintain or restore health, and regulate body’s systems

4. Preventing Disease
Vaccines- a preparation that prevents a person from contraction a specific disease
Contain weakened or dead pathogens that cause the disease
Vaccine produces antibodies that fight those pathogens
Body produces memory cells that recall how to make these antibodies that provide long lasting protection

5. Fighting Pathogens
Antibiotics- are the class of drug that destroy disease- causing microorganisms called bacteria
Works by killing harmful bacteria in the body or by preventing bacteria from reproducing
Antivirals
Antifungals

6. Relieving Pain Analgesics- or pain relievers Pain reliever Dependence
Most commonly used medicine
Ranges from mild Asprin to strong narcotics
May cause Reye’s syndrom if taken before 20
Pain reliever Dependence
medicines that relieve pain can be addictive
Called narcotics, require a doctors prescription
Patients can become physically or psychologically dependent on them

7. Managing Chronic Conditions
These medicines maintain or restore health and offer a higher level of wellness
Allergy Medicines
Body-Regulating Medicines
Antidepressants and Antipsychotic medicines
Cancer treating medicines

8. Taking Medications
Factors that determine how a medicine is taken include what the medicine is used for and how it will most quickly help a person -Oral Medicines- Taken by mouth -Topical Medicines- Applied to the skin -Inhaled medicines- Delivered in a fine mist or powder

9. Reactions to Medications
Side Effects- Reactions to medicine other than the one intended
Additive interaction- when medicines work together in a positive way
Synergist effect- interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when each medicine is taken alone
Antagonistic Interaction- the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine

10. Tolerance- a condition when which the body becomes used to the effect of a medicine
Withdrawal- occurs when a person stops using a medicine on which he or she has become physiologically dependent
Nervousness
Insomnia
Severe headaches
Vomiting
chills

11. Using Medicines Safely
Medicines are regulated to make them safe
All new medicines must meet standards set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Drug manufacturers test new medicines according to the FDA guidelines
3 clinical trials
Human volunteers

12. Prescription Medicines
Prescription Medicines- medicines that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse-practitioner
Gives only amount needed to treat condition
Prescriptions should only be taken by the person whose name appears on the label

13. Over the counter Medicines (OTC)
Over the counter medicines- medicines you can buy without a doctors prescription
FDA considers them safe if used has label directs

14. Medicine Labels
The FDA requires that all prescription and OTC medicine labels contain information telling consumers how to use the medicine safely and effectively.

15. Medicine Misuse
Medicine misuse- using a medicine in ways other than the intended use
Failing to follow the instructions on or in the package
Giving a prescription medicine to another person, or taking another persons medication
Taking too much or too little of the medicine
Taking medicine for longer or shorter than recommended
Discontinuing use of a medicine without informing your doctor
Mixing medication without knowledge or your doctor

16. Medicine Abuse
Medicine Abuse- intentionally taking medications for nonmedical reasons
Abusing any medicine is dangerous and illegal

17. Never use drugs to: Lose weight or stay awake whiles studying
To fit in with peers
Don’t take medicine that was prescribed to someone else
Drug Overdose- a strong sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug