1. Comparative study on defining quality elements at
some table grapes varieties
Authors names: Dunuţă Toniţa Valentina
Coordinator Professor: Stroe Marinela
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

2. Introduction
Production of table grape varieties is a major concern for the producers, on the one hand and researchers on the other hand, to be competitive in a highly competitive market, which is in a continuous transformation, based on the consumers preferences, more and more pretentious about the visual perspectives of the production obtained.
Generally at fresh fruits, and grapes in particular, besides these first perspectives it adds the flavors ones, based on the sensory characteristics highly appreciated by consumers, as: texture, firmness and freshness, the gluco-acidometric index, key attributes for defining and assessing the quality of a product.

3. Introduction
The table grapes varieties are very appreciated by the consumers, because they are an important health source through the bioactive compounds, with antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory action and potential regulating endothelial function ((Manach et al., 2004,Milella et al. 2013).
Quality of table grapes is associated with descriptive parameters of berries (size and color), but in reality it is a complex term, seen from several perspectives: visuals, flavors, nutritious, health condition, therapeutics, evaluated by the consumer - buyer.
Starting from this premise, I decided to follow the quantitative and qualitative evolution of three table grape varieties with different maturation periods, depending on the climatic conditions that causes installation of some deficiencies along with already existing defects in the structural composition of grapes.

4. Materials and Methods
In the experiment were followed three varieties of vine with table grapes from the varietal conveyor cultivated in Romania - Muscat Hamburg cv., Afuz Ali cv., and Victoria cv., with different periods of maturation, two of these being genetically related: Afuz Ali variety is one of the Victoria’s variety genitors. Varieties can be found in the experimental field of the Ampelography Collection from University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine.
The conduct form used was the semi-stalk one, with the type of pruning Guyot on semi-stem with a load of 30 buds/vine, distributed on two fruit links, the chord length with 14 buds and rootstock selection for all varieties was Oppenheim 4 (Table 1).
The main data about these varieties can be found in Vitis International Variety Catalog (Table 2). In the experimental field of U.S.A.M.V Bucharest, planting distances are 2.2 m between rows and 1.2 m between plants in the row, and the establishment year was 2012.

5. Number of buds left on the vine Number of vines analyzed
Table 1
Synthesis of the rootstock used, the number of buds left on the vine and the number of vines analyzed
Variety studied
Rootstock used
Number of buds left on the vine
Number of vines analyzed
Muscat Hamburg
SO4 30 6
Afuz Ali
Victoria
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

6. Table 2 Genetic origin of studied varieties
Prime name
Muscat Hamburg
Afuz Ali
Victoria
Variety number VIVC
8226
122
13031
Country of origin of the variety
U.K.
Liban
România
Species
Vitis vinifera L.
Pedigree as given by breeder/bibliography
Trollinger x Muscat Alexandria -
Pedigree confirmed by markers
Schiava grossa x Muscat de Alexandria
Cardinal x Afuz Ali
Prime name of pedigree parent 1
Schiava grossa
Cardinal
Prime name of pedigree parent 2
Muscat Alexandria
Year of crossing
1850
1964
Last update
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
For this comparative study, mainly focused on deployment phenological spectrum were observed the main phenophases: bud opening, flowering, veraison and full maturation.
The debut and deployment phases of vegetation are different every year, because, through the evolution of the weather, and more and more extreme events, they will influence the manifestation of one and the same variety in the same area.
Climatic conditions of influenced the development of entire phenological spectrum at the studied varieties (Table 3), observing that the varieties were registered a precociousness at the beginning of each phenological phases, especially on the date when the maturation phase was recorded.
Table 3
Synthesis about the development of phonological spectrum at studied varieties in the ecopedoclimatic conditions from U.S.A.M.V Bucharest
Variety studied  
Phenological observations 2016
Bud opening
Flowering
Veraison
Full maturation
Muscat Hamburg
10 IV
31 V
5 VIII
10 IX
Afuz Ali
11 IV
30 V
7 VIII
16 IX
Victoria
15 IV
8 VII
14VIII
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

8. In terms of the fertility elements, expressed by the values of the two coefficients - the highest value was registered by Muscat Hamburg cv. and the lowest values, Victoria cv.
In terms of productivity indices, the highest value of absolute productivity index was recorded by Afuz Ali variety (571.2 g/sprout), and the lowest, Muscat Hamburg variety (345.4 g/sprout), values that influenced exponentially the production.
Syhthesis on the fertility and productivity values at studied varieties in experimental field from U.S.A.M.V Bucharest
Table 4
Variety studied
Relative fertility coefficient
Absolute fertility coefficient
Relative productivity index (g/sprout)
Absolute productivity index (g/sprout)
Muscat Hamburg
0,91
1,57
200,2
345,4
Afuz Ali
0,83
1,36
348,6
571,2
Victoria
0,80
1,33
240
399
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

9. Summary on the defining elements of the quality
Table 5
Production and quality (table 5), provides indications that varieties have suffered from the tᵒ and U% recorded in the flowering phenophase, putting their mark on the percentage of related berries. Most of these remain small (6-7mm) and very small (2-4mm), basically halving the production on the vine.
As regards of daily average temperatures recorded during flowering (Figure 1) they were below the limit of 20.0 ᵒC, which determined a small percentage of related inflorescences, first of all having negative effects on average weight and then on production.
Has been observed that at the same number of buds/vine in the viticultural year , the varieties have been diferently manifested in terms of quantity and quality of the defining elements of production, by specifying that only the amount of accumulated sugars remain in the limits of varieties.
The obtained merchandise production being in this case deficient.
Summary on the defining elements of the quality
Varieties
No grapes/vine
The average weight of a grape(g)
The average weight of 100 berries
(g)
Sugars
(g/l)
Production
(kg /vine)
Muscat Hamburg 11
220
404,5
203,3
2.42
Afuz Ali 15
270
437
226,2
4.05
Victoria 8
281
448
184.21
2.24
Figure 1.The evolution of average temperatures (° C) of the flowering period in the range of -20 June 2016 May 20.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

10. Conclusions and recommendations
From research on the study of three varieties of table grapes and the results obtained, are resulting the next conclusions:
The varieties recorded an earliness in developing all phenological phases.  
Elements of fertility and productivity recorded values that are in the normal range of varieties, especially absolute productivity index values.
Climatic conditions registered in the spring of 2016 in flowering phenological phase (t ᵒC and the relative humidity U%) had negative effects primarily on the percentage of related inflorescences, the average weight of grapes and then the production.
The obtained merchandise production being in this case deficient.
Recommendations
Having regard to the management of soil in accordance with respecting technologies for the varieties of table grapes, application of some works and operations in green with special character(pinching sprouts ,ring incision), even in a year with bad weather conditions can be obtained remarkable productions in terms of quality and quantity , through the consumer satisfaction and also the benefit of producer.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania

11. References
Constantinescu Gherasim, Negreanu Elena, Lăzărescu Liviu, Poenaru Ilie, Alexei Olga, Boureanu Camelia, 1960 – Ampelografia Republicii Populare Române, Vol. III, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române, 96, 97; Constantinescu Gherasim, Negreanu Elena, Lăzărescu Liviu, Poenaru Ilie, Alexei Olga, Boureanu Camelia, 1965 – Ampelografia Republicii Populare Române, Vol. IV, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române, 42, 43; Cotea, Victoria, V.V,Cotea, 1996 – Viticultură, ampelografie şi enologie. Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti; Dejeu, L.,C., 2010 – Viticultură, Editura Ceres; Manach C., Scalbert A., Morand C., Rémésy C., Jiménez L., Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability in the Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79(5): Milella R.A., Perniola R., Mazzone F., Turci V., Basile T., Antonacci D., Valutazione della capacità antiossidante dei prodotti trasformati ottenuti da uva da tavola. The XXXVI-th World Congress of Vine and Wine June 2-7-th 2013, Bucharest. O.I.V., OIV vine and wine outlook 2008–2009. Paris: Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin. Stroe, Marinela; Indreaş, Adriana – Ampelografie – lucrări practice, Editura Coresi, Bucureşti, 2010; Stroe, Marinela, Bejan, Carmen, Evaluation of qualitative parameters of table grapes varieties in ecopedoclimatic conditions of the experimental field U.Ş.A.M.V. Bucharest. Scientific Papers, Series B, Horticulture, Vol. LVIII, Print ISSN (CD-ROM), ISSN-L (Cod Cncsis Categoria B+), International Database Indexing: INDEXCOPERNICUS, CABI, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory (ProQuest), Google Scholar, Stroe Marinela, 2012 – Ampelografie. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti, ISBN , (COD CNCSIS 236), 187, 193, 203. The European Vitis Database, Genetic resources of grapes, website, accessed on February Vitis International Variety Catalogue, Passport of variety Muscat Hamburg, Variety number VIVC 8226, passport of Afuz ali, VIVC number 122, passport of Victoria cv, VIVC number 13031, website, accessed on ianuary 2017.
International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 31, Bucharest, Romania