1. Identifying experimental method: one sample; independent sample; dependent or paired sample

2. One sample compared to population
Example: We have 20 people who we test on IQ we compare them to the known mean population IQ of 100

3. Two Independent Samples
Between Group Experiment: Participants randomly assigned to groups
Example – we have 100 participants; 50 randomly assigned to take one drug; 50 assigned to another.
Natural Experiment – particpants randomly selected from pre-existing groups
Example – 50 men chosen at random; compared to 50 women chosen at random

4. Dependent or Paired Samples
Matched Groups – individuals pairs of participants pre-matched
Example - Two textbooks are compared – but pairs of participants are matched in terms of reading level
Within-group – participants performance in one condition compared to themselves
Example – Participants are compared on their reaction time to soft noises and loud noises