1. Halides and Alcohols

2. Functional group phenol
OUTCOME QUESTION(S):
C FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Name and write structural models for and name alkyl
halides.
Name and write structural models for common alcohols and describe uses.
Name and write structural models for common acids and describe uses.
Name and write structural models for common esters and investigate importance.
Vocabulary & Concepts
Functional group phenol

4. Most derivatives ARE the functional group
Organic compounds created by replacing hydrogen atoms with non-hydrocarbons.
Most derivatives ARE the functional group
Functional groups:
The segment of the molecule responsible for most of the chemical and physical properties.

5. R represents any hydrocarbon chain
The functional group of alkyl halides (halocarbons) is the halo group
Usually man-made
General formula: R–X
X – represents any halogen attached to a hydrocarbon O x R
R represents any hydrocarbon chain
halo group
Properties of Halocarbons:
Polar covalent: < 5C are soluble in water
Strong IMF (dipoles) gives higher bp/mp

6. Br Naming Halocarbons Cl I - CH3 C = C H CH3 C
Name the halogen as a branch.
Replace – ine element ending with –o
Multiple halogens are listed alphabetically
All other rules the same (di, tri, lowest number…) C
= C Cl H I
CH3 -
iodomethane
CH3 C Br
dichloroethene
2-bromo-2-methylpropane

7. l Name the following compounds: I CH3 - CH3 - C = C - CH3 CH3Cl
CH3
I-CH2-C-CH2-CCH Br 1 5 4 3 2 1
5-iodo-4-bromo-4-methylpentyne
tetrachloromethane l
CH3 Br 1 6 2
CH3 - C = C - CH3
CH3 - I 5 3 4 4 3 2 1
4-bromomethylbenzene
p – bromotoluene
3-iodo-2-methylbut-2-ene

8. l Draw the following compounds: m-dibromobenzene
1-bromo-5,6-diiodohex-2-yne
1,2,3 - triiodocyclopentane 1 6 2 5 3 4
CH2– C  C – CH2 – CH – CH2 Br I C I 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 2 1 5

9. *Larger hydrocarbon chains become
The functional group of alcohol is the hydroxyl group
General formula: R–OH
Don’t confuse hydroxyl group with hydroxide ion
Properties of Alcohols:
Polar covalent: < 5C* are soluble in water
Strong IMF (dipoles) gives higher bp/mp
*Larger hydrocarbon chains become
non-polar overall R H O
hydroxyl group

10. C4H10OH(l) C4H10OH(aq) NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Hydroxide ion - inorganic compounds
NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ionic bonded / charged particles – dissociates in water
Hydroxyl group - organic alcohols
C4H10OH(l) C4H10OH(aq)
Covalent bonded / functional group – does not dissociate in water

11. OH Naming Alcohols CH3 C CH3 - CH2 - OH OH CH2 - CH2
Identify the parent chain (longest chain with OH).
Ending with – anol
Number the carbons with the hydroxyl as priority.
Number the location of the hydroxyl in the parent chain
Use prefixes for multiple hydroxyl groups – diols, triols
Name any alkyl branches (alphabetically)
Most important 2 1
CH2 - CH2 OH
CH3 C OH
CH3 - CH2 - OH 2 1 3 2 1
Ethanol
drinking alcohol
Ethandiol
2-methylpropan-2-ol

12. Name the following compounds:
CH3 - CH - CH3 OH
CH3
I-CH2-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 OH 1 2 3 4 5 3 2 1
2- propanol
1-iodo-2-methylpentan-2-ol
Isopropyl alcohol
“rubbing” alcohol
CH3 - CH - C = CH3 OH - Cl 1 3 2 4 3 2 1
Propane-1,2,3-triol
3-Chlorobut-1-en-2-ol
Glycerol
food additive

13. Draw the following compounds:
3-ethyl-5-methylhexan-2-ol
6-iodohexan-1,5-diol
CH3 - CH - CH - CH2 - CH - CH3 OH
CH3
CH2-CH3 1 2 3 4 5 6
CH2– CH2 – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 OH I 1 2 3 4 5 6

14. 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol
Name it:
CH2(OH)CH=C(CH3)CH2CH2CH=C(CH3)CH3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Take it easy…try organizing the information like this
8-carbon parent chain (octa)
Two double-bonds off the 2nd and 6th (-2,6-diene)
Alcohol off the 1st (1-ol)
Two methyl off the 3rd and 7th (3,7-dimethyl)
3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol

15. Remember you can start counting from anywhere in a circle…
Phenols
One hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring.
CH2CH3 OH OH OH
CH3
phenol
3-ethylphenol
m-ethylphenol
2-methylphenol
o-methylphenol
Remember you can start counting from anywhere in a circle…

16. Functional group phenol
CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
C FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Name and write structural models for and name alkyl
halides.
Name and write structural models for common alcohols and describe uses.
Name and write structural models for common acids and describe uses.
Name and write structural models for common esters and investigate importance.
Vocabulary & Concepts
Functional group phenol