1. Protista

2. Definition Greek for First Unicellular Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic or Autotrophic
Solitary and Colonial
~2 Billion years old
“neither animal, nor plants, nor fungi, nor procaryotes”

3. Evolution of…
Endosymbiont Hypothesis

4. Animal-like Protists - Ciliophora
Protozoa = first animals
Ciliophora: Cilia-Bearing
Have cilia – hair like projections for movement (cilliates)
Free living (no parasites)
Eg. Paramecium
The Outside
Pectile – outer living Layer
Trichocysts – defense
Like porcupine spikes

5. Ciliophora – the inside
Macronucleus
Micronucleus
Gullet
Cilia forces water
Food Vacuoles
Anal pore
Contractile Vacuoles
pumps

6. Animal-like protists: Zoomastigina
Flagella/Flagellates
Absorb food through cell membranes (not enclosed)
Live in special environment or in body of others
Reproduce asexually (binary fission) or sexually
Meiosis triggered by outside factors
Found in lakes and ponds or as parasites

7. Animal-like Protists: Sporozoa
Non-motile
Parasitic
Reproduce by spores
Can attach to host cells
Eg. Plasmodium - malaria

8. Sarcodina: Protists with False Feet
Temporary projections of cytoplasm to move
Pseudopod
Ameobas
No shape
No cell walls
Binary fission
Endocytosis (heterotroph)

9. Ameoba in motion – top speed!

10. Animal-like protists: Good and bad
Act as food for small organisms and fish
Termites (break down wood)
Malaria
Pathogens
African Sleeping sickness
Infections of livestock

11. Plant-like Protists Unicellular Motile Contain chlorophyll
Photosynthesise

12. 1. Euglenophyta Flagellates Chloroplasts Great swimmer
Closely related to zoomastiginans
Euglena = pouch with flagella
Flagellates
Chloroplasts
Great swimmer
Eyespot (help find bright areas)
Phototrophic autotroph
Can also be heterotroph
Pellicle
Ribs/microtubules = shape
Binary Fission

13. 2. Pyrrophyta: Fire Protists
Dinoflagellates
Photosynthetic (most)
2 flagella
Thick Armour (plates)
Binary Fission
Luminescent
No histones

14. 3. Chrysophyta: Golden Protists
Yellow-green algae, golden-brown algae, diatoms
Cell Walls: Pectin over Cellulose
Store food as oil
Asexual and Sexual
Solitary and colonies
Flagella or not
Diatoms - Silicon

15. 4a. Slime Molds – Cellular (Acrasiomycota)
Look similar to amebas
Reproduce rapidly
Food is done?
Become one
Migrate - wind
Spores – Fruiting body

16. 4b. Slime Molds – Acellular (Myxomycota)
Starts like ameba
Make plasmodia
Thousands of nuclei – 1 membrane
Fruiting bodies
Haploid spores
Scatter to form flagellated cells

17. Plant-like protists: The good and bad
Symbiotic relationships
Coral
Phytoplankton
70 percent of photosynthesis
Recycle sewage
Blooms – much waste
Red tide

18. To Know: Animal/Plant-like protists Method of reproduction
Method of movement
Autotroph/heterotroph
The good and the bad

19. Pick a protist
Pick your favourite protist and make an advertisement for it. Include:
Picture
Name (scientific and/or general)
Mode of transport
Mode of reproduction
Method of obtaining energy
Any helpful and/or diseases it may cause