1. Law as a Guide to Freedom
Chapter 3
Law as a Guide to Freedom

2. Freedom and Responsibility
To possess freedom means to be responsible for our choices and actions, either good or evil.

3. Characteristics of Freedom
The Catholic Church teaches that freedom is necessary in order for one to seek God.
There are those who believe in determinism – that humans do not really choose, but that every event, action, and decision is a result of forces outside of ourselves – such as the stars, environment, chemical imbalance, society, upbringing, education etc.
The Church rejects this kind of strict determinism.

4. Kinds of Freedom: External and Internal
External Freedom – being free from outside factors that threaten our ability to choose – i.e. poverty and oppression.
Internal Freedom – being free from interior factors that limits our ability to choose – i.e. fear, addiction

5. Limits of Freedom
Freedom is not about “doing what I want to do.” Freedom is not license. Rather…
True freedom frees us to develop our God given gifts and talents in a responsible way so that we can choose good, avoid evil, serve others, and love God.
True freedom elevates our humanity, not demean.

6. Abuses Against Freedom
There are limits to human freedom – physically, intellectually, and emotionally.
Impediments to freedom – these can limit our level of responsibility:
Ignorance
Inadvertence
Duress
Inordinate attachments
Fear
Habit
These impediments do not have to enslave us, we can overcome them by cultivating good habits and virtues, and above all prayer and God’s grace.

7. Responsibility
With the power to choose, comes responsibility – “every act directly willed is imputable (accountable) to its author” (CCC, 1736).
Our actions also have consequences – good and bad.
By owning up to our mistakes we grow and learn from them.
We must accept full responsibility for the sinful behaviors we voluntarily, freely, and willfully commit.
Some actions are not totally voluntary (such as negligence or ignorance), and be less blameworthy.
Mature Christians use STOP, self-discipline, and virtue.

8. Emotions and MORALITY The most basic emotion is “to love.”
Emotions are morally neutral – but depending on how we engage our emotions, can determine whether they lead us to something good or bad.

9. Law and Morality
A good law can help keep us focus; it protects us from doing our own thing regardless of consequences.
Law provides us with an objective standard or measure. It warns us of pitfalls and consequences.

10. The laws of morality are rooted in God’s law as revealed to us in Scriptures and Tradition.
St Thomas Aquinas identified four types of laws – Eternal Law, Natural Law, Revealed Law, Civil and Church Law.

11. Four Types of Laws
St. Thomas defined Law as – “an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one in charge of the community” (CCC, 1976).
Law is reasonable – it makes sense and it’s fair (i.e. gun ordinance prohibits indiscriminate shooting).
Law is for the common good – it’s to build up each other and care for the human community (i.e. fair income tax laws).
Law comes from competent authority – appointed authorities can make and enforce laws.
Law must be promulgated – it must be made known and advertised.

12. Natural Law
Divine Law is highest for of law. It’s source is from God. Natural Law is our participation on Divine Law.
NL teaches us what to do and what to avoid. Using our ability to think, we can have a basic understanding of right and wrong.
It corresponds to three basic human drives and need – preserving life, developing as individuals and communities, and sharing life with others.

13. NL is implanted in our hearts
NL is implanted in our hearts. It is universal and unchanging for all people at all times
It is the foundation and basis for civil laws and moral rules.
Because of our weakened nature, it can be difficult to discern natural law.
God has filled in this gap by what he revealed to us in the Bible – especially in the Ten Commandments and the teachings of Jesus.

14. Civil law
A specific application of the natural law according to their customs and circumstances.
For example – why do we have traffic laws?
Not all civil laws are good laws.
Laws have been passed that violate the dignity of humans (slavery, segregation, abortion on demand).
A civil law is only morally good insofar as they conform to natural law and divine law.
We are not required to obey unjust or evil civil laws, and we have the duty to do all we can to change it.

15. The Old LAw
Also known as the Law of Moses; it is summarized in the 10 Commandments (Decalogue).
Christians believe that it is holy, good, and spiritual, but imperfect
It was meant to prepare the people for conversion and faith in Jesus.

16. The New Law Divine Law has four purposes:
It helps us stay on the right path on the journey to God.
It helps us discern what is right and wrong.
It gives us motivation.
It indicates what is sinful and destructive.
The Gospel of Jesus which perfects divine and natural law.

17. Homework
Test on Chapter 3, Monday; Study Guide extra credit.

18. The evangelical counsels – poverty, chastity, and obedience – flows from the new law, these are special Gospel virtues meant to help Christians striving to be closer to Christ.

19. Church Law
Church Law (i.e. Canon Law) is an application of Divine Law – to assist us in living our moral life.
Catholics are minimally required to meet the obligations of the precepts of the Church:
Attend Mass on Sundays
Confess sins at least once a year
Receive Holy Communion at least once a year
Keep holy the holydays of obligation
Observe the required days of fasting and abstinence.
Provide for the material needs of the Church, according to your ability.