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Unit 2 Study Guide Answers
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What is a cell? Smallest unit of life
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Basic functions of life
Grow Use energy Reproduce
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Microscopes To see small organisms or small objects
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What are organelles Parts of cells that perform specific actions
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Single-celled organism
Organism that is made up of one cell Example: bacteria
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Multicellular Organism
Organism that is made up many cells that work together Example: humans
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Basic parts of animal cells
Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm
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Organelle that gives the cell shape and allows materials to come in and out of the cell
Cell membrane
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Basic parts of plant cells
Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell wall Chloroplast Cell membrane
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Cell walls No. They are found in plant cells – they hold the plant’s structure. Remember – this is why plants don’t move.
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Cell Part Function Found in Plant Cells?
Found in Animal Cells? Nucleus Controls the cell Like the brain YES Cell membrane Controls what comes in and out of the cell Cell wall Protects the cell And provides support NO Cytoplasm Holds the organelles in place and contains nutrients Chloroplasts Makes food for the plant cell *Photosynthesis YES
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Unicellular organisms - reproduction
Split in two or in half
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Unicellular organisms – waste removal
Organelles move the waste outside the cell membrane
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Bacteria – single celled organism, no nucleus
Amoeba – single celled organism, has nucleus Algae – singled celled organism, has chloroplasts, live in water
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Microorganisms Very small living things that cannot be seen without a microscope
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Bacteria Harmful Helpful Algae Fungi Protozoa
Poison Strep throat Salmonella Helps break down food we eat Eats harmful microorganisms Make yogurt and cheese Algae Red Tide algae can poison fish Creates oxygen for animals to breathe Fungi Mold on food Make food spoil Kills crops Athletes foot Decomposer Mushrooms are food Protozoa Causes malaria Food for animals in water Removes harmful chemicals from sewage
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Type of Organism Description Helpful or Harmful?
E. Coli (Bacteria) Helps your body digest, or break down, the food you eat HELPFUL Bacteria Turns milk into cheese and yogurt HELPFUL Yeast Makes bread dough rise Fungi Breaks down the remains of dead organisms Algae Put oxygen into the air for animals to breathe
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Salmonella (bacteria)
Found in raw meat and can make you very sick Harmful Bacteria Causes strep throat Fungi Athletes foot is a skin infection Makes food spoil Viruses Cause the cold, flu, and chicken pox Algae “Red Tide” contains a poison that can kill fish and make people sick
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