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Levels of Organization
The Human Body
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Levels of Organization in the Human Body
There is more to the human body than individual cells Scientists organize multicellular structures into five basic levels, beginning with the smallest unit and ending with the largest Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism
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Cells Remember… A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing Cells perform the basic processes that keep organisms alive Each type of specialized cell has a particular structure and chemical makeup that enable it to perform a specific task
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Tissues A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform the same function The human body contains four basic types of tissue: Muscle tissue Nerve tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue
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Tissues Muscle tissue can contract (shorten) to produce movement
This tissue is what makes parts of your body move Nerve tissue carries impulses (messages) back and forth between the brain and every other part of your body It also processes information and regulates the body’s response to its environment
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Tissues Connective tissue serves to support, bind together, and protect other tissues & organs Bone, fat, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage are all connective tissue Epithelial tissue consists of protective sheets of tightly packed cells connected by special junctions The skin and the lining of stomach and lungs are epithelial tissues
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Organs An organ is a structure that is made up of different kinds of tissue that work together An organ’s job is usually more complex than that of a tissue For example, the lungs are organs composed of all four types of tissues Muscle & connective tissue expand and contract the lungs Nervous tissue sends messages to tell the tissues when to expand and contract Epithelial tissue forms the inner lining of the lungs
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Organ Systems Two or more organs working together form an organ system
The different organ systems all work together and depend on each other For example, when you ride a bike… Muscular and skeletal systems steer and push the pedals Nervous system directs your arms and legs Respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems work together to fuel your muscles
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Organism Together, all of the organ systems make up an entire organism
For you, or any other organism, to stay alive, all of the systems must interact and work together As a result, anything that harms one organ or organ system will affect the health of the entire body
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