1. COMPUTER BASICS BY
MR. YOUSUF VALI

2. THE WORD computer IS DERIVED FROM compute WHICH MEANS calculations.
FATHER OF COMPUTERS : MR. CHARLES BABBAGE
MOTHER OF COMPUTERS : ADA LOVELACE
COMPUTER STANDS FOR :
C >COMMONLY
O >OPRATING
M >MACHINE
P >PARTICULARLY
U >USED IN
T > TECHNOLOGY FOR
E > EDUCATION
R > RESEARCH

3. INPUT : ENTERING THE DATA IN A COMPUTER IS CALLED INPUT.
COMPUTER WORKS WITH THE HELP OF ELECTRICITY, IT CAN RECOGNIZE BOTH PRESENCE & ABSENCE OF POWER.
COMPUTER DEFINITION: IT IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH TAKES INPUT PROCESS THE DATA AND GIVES OUTPUT.
INPUT : ENTERING THE DATA IN A COMPUTER IS CALLED INPUT.
INPUT DEVICES:

4. OUTPUT DEVICES : PRODUCING THE RESULTS BASED ON USER’S INPUT.

5. COMPUTERS ARE USED IN : OFFICES SCHOOLS COLLEGES BANKS HOSPITALS
RAILWAYS
AIRLINES
TRANSPORT
PROJECTS
ACCOUNTS

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTERS :

7. SPEED: IT WORKS IN HIGH SPEED.
CHARACTERISTICS :
SPEED: IT WORKS IN HIGH SPEED.
ACCURACY: RESULTS PRODUCED ARE 100 % CORRECT.
CONSISTENCY: IT DOES NOT GET TIRED.
STORAGE: IT HAS HIGH STORAGE CAPACITY.
VERSATILITY: IT PERFORMS VARIOUS TASKS.
WHENEVER WE PRESS A CPU BUTTON THEN THE OPERATING SYSTEM LOADS INTO MEMMORY.
WHAT IS AN OPERARING SYSTEM?
THE OPERATING SYSTEM IS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN USER AND COMPUTER HARDWARE.
EXAMPLE: MACINTOSH, WINDOWS, IOS, ANDROID
WHATEVER THE TEXT YOU TYPE IN COMPUTER , IT AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTS INTO 0’S &1’S

8. TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES :
A) LOW LEVEL LANGUANGE B) HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE: PROGRAMMERS FEEL DIFFICULT TO LEARN
MACHINE LEVEL: COMPUTER CAN UNDERSTAND 0’S & 1’S.
DRAWBACK: IT IS DIFFERENT FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER.
B. ASSEMBLY LEVEL: THIS LANGUAGE USES LETTERS AND SYMBOLS INSTEAD
OF 0’S & 1’S.
DRAWBACK : THE ASSEMBLY LEVEL LANGUAGE ARE MACHINE DEPENDENT.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE : IT IS EASY TO LEARN.
EXAMPLE : C, JAVA
THE TEXT YOU ENTERED AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTS INTO 0’S & 1’S USING TRANSLATORS.

9. COMPILER: IT CONVERTS THE ENTIRE PROGRAM INTO MACHINE
TYPES OF TRANSLATORS:
COMPILER: IT CONVERTS THE ENTIRE PROGRAM INTO MACHINE
LEVEL LANGUAGE AT A TIME.
INTERPRETER: IT TRANSLATES THE PROGRAM IN A STEP BY STEP.
C. ASSEMBLER: IT CONVERTS ASSEMBLY LEVEL LANGUAGE INTO MACHINE
LEVEL LANGUAGE.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE: IT IS A SET OF PROGRAMS.
EXAMPLE: OPERATING SYSTEM ( WINDOWS, MACINTOSH, LINUX)

10. COMPUTER HARDWARE: IT IS A PHYSICAL COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER.

11. IT IS ALSO CALLED AS FIXED DISK MADEUP OF METAL PIECES
HARD DISK:
IT IS ALSO CALLED AS FIXED DISK MADEUP OF METAL PIECES
COATED WITH MAGNETIC TAPES & STORES LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA.
THE FIRST HARDDISK IS INVENTED BY IBM IN 1956, THIS AVAILABLE IN 1 BYTE TO 1 COPERBYTE.
FLOPPY DISK:
IT WAS INVENTED BY IBM & IT’S SIZE IS 5.25 INCH AND CAN SEND 1.44 MB OF DATA AT A TIME.
THE ADVANTAGE OF THIS FLOPPYDISK IS, IT CAN BE REMOVABLE.
COMPACT DISK (CD):
IT IS VERY THIN & CIRCULER IN SHAPE, IT CAN STORE 700 MB OF DATA.
IN OLDEN DAYS WE HAVE ONLY READABLE BUT, NOW A DAYS WE HAVE BOTH READ & WRITTABLE DISKS.
DVD: DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK
IT IS SIMILAR TO CD & STORAGE CAPACITY IS 17 TO 21 GB.

12. HOW ARE YOU
A) IAM FINE B) IAM NOT FINE