1. PROGRAMMING INTRODUCTION
aulia nur mustaqiman
Source :
Rahayudi, Bayu Dasar-Dasar Pemrograman. UB Press. Malang

2. (Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X)
SOFTWARE
Application
Operation System is a software that control and handle some resource devices in computer.
(Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X)
General Application
Utility Application
Compiler and Interpreter
Data is supported element that program needs to get some objections
Program is collected instruction that can be given by the computer
Machine Level Language is language which consists of on (1) and off (0)

3. Software (compiler & interpreter) used to convert hi-level-language to machine level language, after that the computer can execute to get information for us
Compiler is instruction processing to convert hi-level language to become machine level language when program was been compiling to become executable and entirely can be processed .
After becoming executable program (.exe), then to make it work that program, we just call that file with .exe
Examples of compiler :
Turbo Pascal (Pascal), Borland C (C), Delphi dll
Interpreter is instruction converting process to machine level language which is processed when the program was worked (excuted) and processed in stages.
The Program of interpreter is not converted in .exe file, so it still need the source code and only the interpreter will run that program.

4. The same thing between Interpreter and Compiler is
They can be useful to convert some instruction to become high level language which is well-known language for the machine.
7 Step how to make a program :
Knows the case that want to be solved.
Analyze the program solving
Determines the variable that will be used
Determines how to solve the case.
Makes the algoritm or the flowchart.
3. Converts the algoritm/flowchart to become programming language
4. Works the program and do some evaluation/validation debugging)
5. Implement the program
6. Create Dokumentation

5. Programming Logic consists of :
Algoritma
Flowchart
Pseudocode
Programming Logic is a structured method to solve the problem/case in creating computer program.
By understanding of programming logic in problem solving in creating program, the programmer can will be easy to convert something to become programming language.

6. Is certainly method which consist of structured steps and written systematically in programming problem solving.
Algoritm not only can be formed as description, but also picture.
Algoritma
Algoritm, using telephone :
Pick Up The Phone and hear the sound of your phone.
If you hear ringtone, then the telephone can be used
If you don’t hear any calling ringtone then continue to step number 4 .
2. Push button number that you want to call. Then, hear it’s ringtone.
If there is a ringtone, then calling process will be continued, please wait.
If you hear busy voice, so you cant call that number. So continue to step number
3.Is there any answer ?
a. If yes, so you can open the dialog
b. If there is no answer, So continue to step number
4. Close The Phone

7. Flowchart
Is flow diagram as a symbol that show some problem solving steps, when it happens from one process to the other process .
Consists of 2 (two) are system flowchart and program flowchart

8. There are 7 Roles that we have to do to make a flowchart :
Use correctly symbol in problem solving method .
Make problem solving method shorter than before
Use Connecting Symbol , if we cant solve with shorter step, use the offpage connector if it cant to be draw in 1 page to connect symbol in other page.
4. Use symbol of repetition to show repeated step.
5. Use modul if there is method to do.
6. Created symbol is showed from up to down and from left to right. It can be given with arrow that show previous step and next step (except start and stop).
7. Begin with start icon (oval) and end with (oval) icon.

9. Pseudocode
Is programming logic that is formed as structured procedure of problem solving programming. It is written as instruction/ syntax that will be used by programming language.
Writing structure and instruction that is used , don’t have standard notation/symbol, just agreement.
Notation is used to correspond with usual programming language. It usually called as algoritm notation.

10. Structure of pseudocode :
+ Pseudocode Head
consists of pseudocode name and description of the pseudocode specification. Usually, Pseudocode has own producer name and it’s version.
+ Declaration
it is filled by label of constanta or variable, type, procedure, or function that are used in pseudocode. Declaration uses in agreement to determine constanta label. Example PHI=3.14 , AWAL=0 , etc.
And small word for variable such as bil, value, etc
+ Description
it is filled by explaination of problem solving code, such as process, decision making , and repeated steps. Usually, each of part or group will be filled by comment and symbol in “{“ and “}” or “//”.
After making algoritm/ flowchart/ pseudocode. The next step is to convert in to become programming language. Most important is how we know the writting structure and programming language (Syntax) that will be used by us.