1. Infection Control
Fundamentals Unit 2

2. Infection Control Microorganisms need… Food Moisture Oxygen?
Temperature
Light pH

3. Infection Control What are the natural body defenses? Skin
Mucous membranes
Hair
Reflex mechanisms
Body cell replacement
Rapid movement of small intestine
Body secretion
Phagocytosis

4. Infection Control What can alter body defenses? Nutritional status Age
Poor personal hygiene
Stress
Illness
Medical treatment

5. Infection Control Links in the chain of Infection The Bug! Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Contact- direct, droplet, indirect
Air
Vehicle
Vectors
Portal of entrance
Susceptible host

6. Infection Control Nosocomial Infection Medical vs. Surgical Asepsis
Acquired in the healthcare facility during the patient’s stay
C. difficile
Medical vs. Surgical Asepsis
Medical – measures to limit the growth and spread of microorganisms
Surgical – the practice of sterile technique,
free of all organisms and spores

7. Infection Control Basic Principles Clean can touch clean
Sterile can touch sterile
Contaminated can touch contaminated
Another term sometimes used for contaminated is “dirty”

8. Infection Control Personal hygiene for the nurse includes…
Clean uniforms daily with uniforms reserved for work only
Keep hair clean and secured
Bathe frequently
Keep fingernails short and clean, no polish
Avoid jewelry in the clinical area
HANDWASHING!

9. Infection Control Personal hygiene for the patient includes…
Offer opportunities for handwashing
Keep personal care items clean and stored
Provide tissues
Clean/change any soiled areas of body or linens promptly
Encourage footwear
Do not allow linens to touch floor

10. Infection Control
What are the measures to maintain concurrent disinfection?
Linen
Equipment
Cleaning techniques
Disposals

11. Don’t forget Standard Precautions!
Infection Control
Terminal disinfection is…
What are some barrier techniques for Infection control?
Gowns
Caps
Masks
Goggles
Gloves
Closed doors
Don’t forget Standard Precautions!

12. Infection Control Rules to follow
Use standard precautions for all patients, which means handwashing and use of PPE
Special precautions during pre-hospital or emergency care
Gloves should be worn…
Gloves should be changed…
Masks/protective eyewear should be used…
Gowns should be worn…
Sharps should be disposed of immediately

13. Infection Control More rules to follow
Wash hands before and immediately after any patient contact
All exposure accidents should be reported immediately
Be sure to properly handle and label all patient specimens
Promptly clean any blood or body fluid spills
Handwashing…handwashing…handwashing
Effective handwashing means…

14. Infection Control Isolation The basic principles of aseptic practice…
Clean to clean
Sterile to sterile
Contaminated to contaminated
What are the purposes for isolation?
To prevent spread of disease
To provide preventive measures
To use proper protective measures

15. Infection Control
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) mandates all patients be cared for under Standard Precautions
The CDC (Centers for Disease Control)
is the U.S. agency which oversees the
prevention, identification, and control of
disease and infection

16. Infection Control To prepare an isolation unit, the following are
required…
A Dr.’s order
An isolation cart for supplies
An area with a sink
Correst signage on the exterior door
Linen cart, disposable stethoscope, thermometer, etc.
Special considerations

17. Infection Control There are several tiers of precautions.
Let’s discuss the emotional needs of the isolated patient.

18. Infection Control Isolation Procedures in the isolation unit…
Remember what you will need…
Vital Signs
Personal care
Collecting a specimen
Signing a document
Transporting the patient outside the room
Removing items from the room
When you leave…

19. Infection Control Remember the isolation gear that is used…
Gown and Cap
Mask or faceshield
Goggles and Gloves
Gown technique
Mask technique
Gloving technique
Let’s put it all together.
What is meant by double bagging?