1. THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR

2. THE HINDBRAIN
Medulla attaches to spinal cord; circulation, breathing, reflexes, muscle tone
Pons, “bridge”, connects brainstem to cerebellum; sleep, arousal
Cerebellum, “little brain”, coordination, equilibrium, organizes sensory info.

3. MIDBRAIN Segment that lies btwn the hindbrain and the forebrain
Helps w/voluntary movement
Reticular formation: runs through hindbrain and midbrain---muscle reflexes, breathing, pain perception, sleep, arousal

4. FOREBRAIN
Largest and most complex region of the brain, with a variety of structures
Thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system are the core of the forebrain
Near top of brainstem

5. THALAMUS
All sensory information, except smell, must pass through to get to cerebral cortex
May play active role in integrating info. from various senses

6. HYPOTHALAMUS Regulates basic biological needs
4 F’s: fighting, fleeing, feeding, and sexual behavior
Links brain and endocrine system

7. LIMBIC SYSTEM
Loosely connected network of structures located along the border btwn the cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas
“Pleasure center”
Includes parts of the thalamus and hypothalamus, the hippocampus, amygdala, and septum

8. HIPPOCAMPUS AND AMYGDALA
Plays a role in memory
Some believe it deals with spatial memory
Others say it groups memories for factual info
Amygdala may control emotional responses

9. CEREBRUM Seat of complex thought
Learning, remembering, thinking, consciousness
Cerebral cortex is the convoluted outer layer of the cerebrum

10. CEREBRUM
Divided into 2 halves-- -the cerebral hemispheres: right and left halves
2 halves connected by the corpus callosum
Each hemisphere divided into 4 parts, called lobes

11. OCCIPITAL LOBE Back of the head Includes the cortical area
Most visual signals are sent and processing begins
Called the primary visual cortex

12. PARIETAL LOBE Called the primary somatosensory cortex
Registers sense of touch
Involved in integrating visual input and monitoring body’s position in space

13. TEMPORAL LOBE Near the temples
Contains the primary auditory cortex devoted to auditory processing
Speech and language

14. FRONTAL LOBE Largest lobe
Contains the primary motor cortex---muscle movement
Prefrontal cortex: higher functions--- working memory, relational reasoning, memory of temporal sequences