1. The world was democratically changing
EU – 1. China takes its place as a major power in the world
The post-colonial, Cold War and post-Cold War eras have led to both significant development and significant challenges for the continents of Asia, Africa and South America
The world was democratically changing
Warm-up - Finish p in Packet about Latin American democracy and p 15 about democratization in Africa
Review: review sheet questions 12-15
Homework questions?
Do a quick evaluation of a partner's Core Magazine
Activity Prompt: Africa, Asia and Latin America have big differences in their post-colonial eras that illustrate important lessons about the relationship between government, society and economics.
Create an illustrated chart that compares these three regions’ governments, societies and economic

2. Latin America democratizes
Most of South America was colonized by Spain (except Brazil and the 3 Guyanas)
Dictators or authoritarian parties governed most of South America until after WWII
After WWII many countries elected nationalist/socialist parties and leaders
The US, the wealthy and many Catholics helped to lead coups to overthrow these governments out of fear of communism
From the 1970s to the 1990s, many Latin American Countries were governed by dictators

3. Making Democracy work
Practices that are common in democracy Conditions that contribute to democratic progress
Free elections
Free media of communication
Majority rule with minority rights protected
Participation
Culture of compromise
Constitutional government with limits and checks and balances
Economic stability
Rule of law
Belief in and protection of individual rights
Belief in democracy
Practice of contingent consent
Development of civil society

4. Steering Brazil toward democracy
What actions have Brazilian leaders taken in the 80s and 90s that helped to stabilize the Brazilian economy?
Foreign investment
Infrastructure improvements (development projects) to help grow the economy
Froze wages
Protected wealth landowners
Cut social programs
Note a democratic practice in Brazil today
Direct elections of local state and national leaders
Direct elections of president

5. Ending one party rule in Mexico
2 crises that threatened democracy in Mexico
1968 student protests in Mexico City
world oil price decline in the 1980s leading to lower government revenues, declines in government spending and a debt crisis.
1988 presidential election fraud
1994 Chiapas rebellion by Zapatista pro-Indian movement
Drug violence
Ways that the election of 1997 advanced democracy
no more dedazo – president no longer appointed successors and other candidates
primary election for PRI candidates
opposition parties gained many seats in Chamber of Deputies, weakening power of PRI
creation of independent Federal Election Institute

6. Ending repression in Argentina
Effects of Military rule on Argentina
weakened welfare state
Poor became militant
No political fairness, rights or freedoms
Economy stagnated
Torture and murder by pro-government groups as part of the “Dirty War”
Current democratic practices
free elections
rule of law
functioning independent judiciary

7. Democracy in Central and south America
Oldest is Costa Rica – Paraguay the youngest
1980’s and 1990’s saw most stability of democratic institutions
Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua had most violence in Central America
Colombia, Peru and Suriname. (Colombia has just ended its civil war, so things are looking up for Colombia. Peru has a functioning democracy and democratic values, but a weak state, and Suriname is making some strides in recent years)
French Guyana
1960s saw no democratization in Latin America
83 – Argentina & El Salvador 85 – Bolivia & Uruguay, 89- Panama & Brazil, Chile & Nicaragua
Military dictatorship; colonization led to history of military rule and limited development of institutions and values of democracy

8. Ethnicity and African Countries – notice any issues?
Current country borders
Current Ethnic group locations

9. Democratic challenges in Africa
Set the stage for civil war or ethnic conflict and poor conditions for democratization - lack of national identity
2. Poor economic prospects for future; small middle class; few domestic consumable products; import economy; international debt
3. Inability to have skills and knowledge to be successful in the modern technological age
4. Rebellion (called the Biafran Civil War) put down and Nigeria was united with more (36) states created along ethnic lines; but set precedent for military coups
5. Brutality and corruption; continued ethnic violence and ethnic based corruption (called “prebendalism”)
But last 18 years have seen significant democratic improvements, including fairly contested election of Buhari and the APC as majority party in Congress in 2015
All Progressives Congress (2015 majority party in Nigeria Congress – both houses)

10. Democratic challenges in Africa
6. Afrikaner culture, people and white race become predominant in all areas of life leading to apartheid
7. Repression of protestors; thousands killed and international condemnation; unrest continued and a state of emergency was declared
8. Significant changes – Mandela released from prison, ANC legalized; democracy w universal voting eligibility and the repeal of apartheid
9. Mandela elected and ANC was majority in the national assembly; orderly democratic change when Mbeki was elected in 1999 (resigned after political and corruption issues involving Zuma). ANC continued its power with Jacob Zuma as 2 term president after 2009

11. Comparison of regions today
Africa
Latin America
Asia
Government:
Type
Level of democracy
Effectiveness
stability
Economy
Growth
Per capita GDP
Inequality
Diversity of employment
Technological success
Diversity of production
Society
Poverty
Access to technology
Personal security
Food security
Education
Religion
Environment

12. China follows its own path
The Cultural Revolution
Goals – 1. to Save Mao’s power
2. To return to communist roots of the peasant-based revolution
3. To oppose the modernizing and free-market policies of Deng Xiaoping
Outcomes – economic, political and social chaos
Loss of a generation of educated people
Millions of people sent to “prison”
Many people removed from positions of political and economic power

13. China follows its own path
Tennis Anyone
Goals – 1. to end China’s isolation
2. To connect China to the West – the developed world
Outcomes –
US-China relation greatly improved
Cultural exchanges with the West
Opens china for trade
PRC recognized and given UN Security Council seat

14. China follows its own path
Outcomes –
economic growth greater than any other country in the world
300 million people out of poverty
China becomes a major world power
Big gap growing between rich and poor
Huge increase in food and industrial output
Western ideas adopted by Chinese
The 4 modernizations and Deng’s free market solutions
Goals – 1. to improve China’s economy
2. To improve China’s
industry,
military,
technology and
agriculture

15. China follows its own path
Tianenmen Square
Goals – 1. to promote democracy and end the authoritarian single-party political system
Outcomes – economic, political and social chaos
Hundred or thousands killed
Democracy movement almost destroyed
World aware of China’s human rights abuses
CCP stays in power and economy continues to flourish

16. China follows its own path
Hong Kong Handover
Goals – 1. end foreign rule of Chinese territory
Outcomes – 1 country two systems
2. China’s access to western capital and capitalism
3. Hong Kong slowly loses political freedom, but China’s citizens slowly accept Western-style freedoms and economic activity