1. Chapter 20 Sections 2 & 3 Women and Hispanics fight for rights!

2. Background
Feminism: Belief that men and women should be politically, economically, and socially equal
Causes of Feminist Movement:
Sparked by the development of the birth-control pill in 1960
More women entering the workforce
More were attending college
Influence of the African American Civil Rights movement.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement " Women's Rights Movement June 2007 <

3. National Organization for Women (NOW)
Founded in 1966 by a group of people including Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan became the organization's first president.
Demanded greater educational opportunities for women
-"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <

4. NOW (con’t.) The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for all women.
They campaigned to gain passage of the ERA amendment at the state level.
Issues NOW deals with:
works to eliminate discrimination and harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system.
secure abortion, birth control and reproductive rights for all women
end all forms of violence against women
eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia
promote equality and justice in society.
-"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <

5. Betty Friedan Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963.
In her book, she depicted the roles of women in industrial societies.
She focused most of her attention on the housewife role of women.
The book became a bestseller
-"Betty Friedan." Women of the Hall National Women's Hall of Fame. 4 June 2007 <
-Bachir, John J. Betty Friedan JJB Blog. 4 June 2007 <
Feb. 4th, Feb. 4th, 2006

6. Equal Pay Act 1963
It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual discrimination.
In 1963 the average female worker’s wages in the United States were equivalent to 58.9 % of the average male worker’s earnings.
It abolished wage differences based on sex.
“No employer having employees subject to any provisions of this section [section 206 of title 29 of the United States Code] shall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees in such establishment at a rate less than the rate at which he pays wages to employees of the opposite sex in such establishment for equal work on jobs…” Equal Pay Act
-"The Equal Pay Act of 1963." Essortment June 2007 <

7. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
“Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.”
Made all forms of discrimination based on sex illegal.
Never passed in states
Debated until 1982
-"Equal Rights Amendment." National Organization of Women NOW. 19 May 2007 <

8. STOP ERA Led by Phyliss Schlafy
Said ERA would destroy traditional values of U.S.
Takes away right to single gender colleges

9. Title IX (accidentally left off outline)
Banned gender discrimination in education.
Prohibited federally funded schools from discriminating against women in nearly all aspects from admission to athletics.
Colleges had to offer equal number of scholarships to men and women.

10. Cuban Revolution (accidentally left off outline)
U.S. became home to 350,000 Cuban immigrants after the Cuban Revolution.
Most were welcomed in the U.S. because they were viewed as refugees fleeing Communist Oppression.
By late 1960s, more than 9 million Latinos lived in the U.S.

11. Hispanics
Bilingualism: Teaching in native language while they learn English
Americans argued it would prevent them from learning English
Bracero Program: Laborers enter U.S. from Mexico for short term contracts
Barrio: Poor Latino neighborhood

12. Cesar Chavez Organized United Farm Workers
Better wages for farm workers
A national boycott of grapes
Used Non-violent resistance