1. “Show Me” Standards (page 49)
Yitzhak Ersoff

2. “Show Me” Text - First: Find each section.
Page
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Notes

3. Problems or Questions??? Title “Show Me”????
4 sections: 1 : 2 and 3 in 4
4 Phrases:
Standards
Teacher Professionalism
Political Control
US State Curriculum Policy

4. Problems or Questions??? Title “Show Me”????
4 sections: 1 : 2 and 3 in 4
4 Phrases:
Standards
Teacher Professionalism
Political Control
US State Curriculum Policy

5. Next, using the abstract only . . .
What is the purpose of this study?
Analyze process of writing standards
Section: entire article
What is the authors’ hypothesis?
How standards are written explains the results.
Section: Beginning and end

6. Next, using the abstract only . . .
What is the method?
Examine intentions and interactions during writing process
Section: Method

7. Next, using the abstract only . . .
What were the findings?
Teachers:
Professionalism & constructivism
Politicians:
Different views from teachers
Control
Four conflicts

8. Next, using the abstract only . . .
How did the authors interpret the results?
Conflicts made standards:
Mix of content and process
Bland and value-neutral
Not specific
Same results in other societies
Section: Discussion

9. Next, using the abstract only . . .
What is the author’s conclusion?
None in the abstract
None in the text

10. OK, what do we need to know?
Introduction (49-55)
What are standards, what are the issues?
Method (55-58)
Who? What? (see subheadings)
Results/Findings (58-66)
What happened (important)
Discussion (66-72)
Author analysis (important)

11. The Conflicts Who? EWG – Teacher committee COP – Politicians
Public – Parents, business people, etc.

12. Conflict 1: Process vs. Content
Professional Educators & Business People
Constructivist – want processes (problem solving, critical thinking, etc.)
Politicians
Non-professional – want content (What students will know)
Think processes are vague (What does it mean???)
Issues
What should we teach?
Is there a difference?

13. Conflict 2: Who Reads It? (Language: Professional or Public?)
Educators
Want professional language
Politicians
Want simple language (for everyone)
Issues
Should educators use simple language?
Do parents need to understand?
Does it really mean the same thing? (see 61-62)

14. Conflict 3: “Red Flag” Words
Politicians
Remove words that cause political problems.
See 63-64
Issues
Must everyone be happy? (not offended?)
What about right and wrong?

15. Conflict 4: General or Specific?
Process standards are general
“apply information and ideas to different contexts”
Content standards are specific
“the major elements of geography (location, place, region, . . .)
Issues
How specific should standards be?
Who should decide? (state level, local level, or teacher level)

16. Finally, Inside the Schools . . .
Inquiry-Minded Schools
(page 79)

17. Missouri - The “Show Me” State.