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Spelling Rules
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Follow These Tips Practice writing words Break words up in syllables Look the meaning up in a dictionary Review for minutes daily Create a sentence using spelling words Create a story using spelling words
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Why We Must Understand the Rules
We must know and understand the rules of spelling in order to understand the exceptions. English is one of the most difficult languages even for native speakers.
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RULE ONE i before e, except directly after c achieve, believe, brief, chief, friend, grief, grieve, hygiene, patience, thief ceiling, conceive, conceit, deceive, deceit, perceive, receipt, receive
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Exceptions to RULE ONE:
words that make the “a” sound beige, freight, neighbor, sleigh, vein, weight, and weigh Exceptions that do not have a pattern either, feint, foreign, height, leisure, neither, weird © White Educational Products
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RULE TWO Change y to i when adding an ending supply supplies supplied supplying worry worries worried worrying merry merrier © White Educational Products
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Exception to RULE TWO When –ing is added, keep y. cry crying cries cried study studying studies studied When a vowel comes before the y , keep y obey obeyed obeying obeys obeyer say said saying says sayer © White Educational Products
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Add -s or –es to make words plural. RULE THREE shoe + s =shoes porch + es = porches box + es =boxes bush + es = bushes blitz + es = blitzes © White Educational Products
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Words with a consonant ending plus -y, change the -y to -i and add -es. company – y + i + es = companies Words with a vowel ending plus –y, keep –y and add -s toy + s = toys For proper nouns, keep –y and add -s. Kennedy + s = Kennedys © White Educational Products
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Irregular Plurals The plain truth is they just need to be memorized. child = children foot = feet goose = geese louse = lice man = men mouse = mice ox = oxen tooth = teeth woman = women © White Educational Products
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Other Plurals Words that end in -ss, -sh, -ch or -x add -es. switch = switches Most nouns ending in f or fe add s. Some change the f to v and add s or es. belief = beliefs half = halves Most nouns ending in o add s. Some add -es. studio = studios cargo = cargoes © White Educational Products
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RULE FOUR Drop silent e if the ending begins with a vowel.
advance + -ing = advancing surprise + -ing = surprising Keep silent e if the ending begins with a consonant advance + ment = advancement like + ness = likeness If a vowel comes before silent e DROP silent e argue + -ment = argument true + -ly = truly © White Educational Products
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RULE FIVE Doubling final consonant when adding –ed, -ing, or a suffix Single final consonant And follows a single vowel And the suffix begins with a vowel One syllable or is stressed on the last syllable: In the examples the “trol” syllable in control is stressed, while the “en” of enter is stressed. Control controlling controlled controllable enter entering entered © White Educational Products
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EXAMPLES: ADMIT + -ed = ADMITTED ADMIT ends with a consonant Follows a vowel Accented on the last syllable Therefore double the t before adding an -ing or –ed admitting admitted FLAP + -ed = FLAPPED The word FLAP is a one syllable word © White Educational Products
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to double the consonant
Examples when NOT to double the consonant When there are two syllables with the stress on the first syllable, do not double the consonant before. COUNSEL + -ing = COUNSELING When there are two vowels together before the consonant, do not double the consonant. DESPAIR + -ed = DESPAIRED © White Educational Products
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RULE SIX Words that end in -c Change the -c to -ck panic panicking picnic picnicking © White Educational Products
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-l, -m, & -p exception With some verbs ending in -l, -m, and p you can either double the consonant or not. travel traveling or travelling program programing or programming worship worshiping or worshipping © White Educational Products
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Silent Letter Combinations
Some words have silent letter combinations. You must memorize these patterns. gn, pn, kn= n gnome pneumonia knife rh, wr = r rhyme wrestle pt, ght = t ptomaine height ps, sc = s psalm science wh = h whole © White Educational Products
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Two Vowels Together "When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking?" team coat wait NOTE: There are plenty of Exceptions!! © White Educational Products
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Prefixes Adding a prefix seldom changes the spelling of a word. misspelled unnecessary dissatisfied disinterested misinform © White Educational Products
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Becoming a Master Speller takes a personal commitment and Finding your own method to add this important skill to your writing arsenal. Good Luck! © White Educational Products
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