1. Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Main Idea: As the nation grew, differences in economic activities and needs increased sectionalism.

2. James Monroe
With the dissolving of the Federalist Party, Republican candidate James Monroe is elected to the presidency
Called for protective tariffs to protect industry, for a national bank, and other programs

3. The Rise of Nationalism
After beating England for the SECOND time in the WAR OF 1812 we are feeling pretty darn good about ourselves and usher in the Era of Good Feelings.
One political party (Federalist Party died out)
Increase prestige
Rise of Nationalism… we are the UNITED States of America and we are ALL AMERICAN CITIZENS!

4. Loyalty, love, devotion to your NATION!
Nationalism
Loyalty, love, devotion to your NATION!

5. At the same time, however…

6. As we grow as a nation… …We also divide our nation.

7. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
A belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns and that foreign policy should be guided by national self-interest.
The placing of one’s own region (section) ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole.

8. Industrial Revolution
What was the Industrial Revolution? A massive change in social and economic organization resulting from the replacement of hand tools by machines and the development of large-scale industrial production.

9. How did it contribute to…
NATIONALISM (Growth)
SECTIONALISM (Division)
United States developed the ability to produce goods domestically.
The NORTH became more industrialized = less demand for slaves The SOUTH had more of a focus on agriculture than ever before = more demand for slaves

10. The Cotton Gin
A machine that cleaned the seeds from short-staple cotton

11. How did it contribute to…
NATIONALISM (Growth)
SECTIONALISM (Division)
Improved the process of cleaning cotton = ability to produce more cotton to import to the north for manufacturing cloth = increased productivity in the US.
Farmers bought more land to produce more cotton in the SOUTH = increased demand for more slaves. Northerners begin to view slavery as morally wrong.

12. Protective Tariffs
Tax on imported goods to PROTECT American manufacturing

13. How did it contribute to…
NATIONALISM (Growth)
SECTIONALISM (Division)
Protected manufacturing allowing Americans to compete globally
Made imported goods MORE expensive for the SOUTH South (John C. Calhoun – South Carolina) tries to NULLIFY Tariff of Abominations (1828)

14. National Bank
Establish a national currency

15. How did it contribute to…
NATIONALISM (Growth)
SECTIONALISM (Division)
Provided money for industrialization; facilitated exchange of goods
SOUTH saw it as a “monster” and symbol of the wealthy; preferred local/state banks who would be more responsive to the Southern needs

16. Internal Improvements
Federal, state, and privately funded project such as canals and roads, to develop the nations transportation system.

17. How did it contribute to…
NATIONALISM (Growth)
SECTIONALISM (Division)
Connected the nation
Transportation systems were more developed in the north than the south

18. The American System Henry Clay
A plan to unify the nation, which included:
Establishing a protective tariff
Resurrecting the national bank
Sponsoring the development of transportation systems as well as other internal improvement

19. How did it contribute to…
NATIONALISM (Growth)
SECTIONALISM (Division)
United the nation’s economic interests and improve the transportation network. Nationally accepted currency would facilitate exchange of goods US less dependent on Britain and other European nations.
The NORTH would produce manufactured goods that the south and west would buy. The SOUTH and WEST would raise the grain, livestock, cotton needed in the north.