1. Translation
Mrs. Harper
2/20/18
Biology

2. February 20, 2018 Download notes Begin working on Do Now
Have homework (Transcription WS) out

3. Do Now 2/20/18 What is the enzyme used in transcription?
What are the three stages of transcription?
Transcription converts DNA into which type of RNA?
What are the three types of RNA?
What is the central dogma of biology?
What happens in termination?
Where does transcription occur? In which organelle?

4. Translation Process following Transcription,
Converts RNA into amino acids which become PROTEINS

5. Video Video: From DNA to Protein
CskUOrA

6. The Central Dogma
DNA RNA  Proteins
Transcription
Translation

7. Translation
Once the mRNA is created, it exits the nucleus and moves to the ribosomes
Translation is the process by which the mRNA gets translated into amino acids that will form proteins

8. Translation
The part of the mRNA strand that gets translated is called the reading frame
The mRNA is read by codons
Codons are three letter nucleotide sequences that code for a particular amino acid
There are 64 codons in total (20 amino acids)

9. Binding
Ribosomes, on which the mRNA is translated, consist of two subunits, each of which contains rRNA.
mRNA binds in between the large and small subunit

10. Transfer RNA
tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosomes during translation to be assembled into proteins.

11. Initiation in Translation
Translation begins once the anti-codon (complement to the codon) on the tRNA is joined with its codon on the mRNA strand.
AUG is the codon for the amino acid Methionine which is the START CODON.

12. Quick Practice: Codon vs Anti-Codon
Codon- AUG
Anti-codon-
Codon- GCA

13. Elongation in Translation
The tRNA continues binding to the codons on the mRNA to produce specific amino acids and grow the protein chain
Once the codon is known, the amino acid chart is used to determine the specific amino acid.

14. Amino Acid Chart
Consider UGG. First find the U under the First Base on the left side of the chart. Next, find the G across the top under Second Base. Finally, find the G in the Third Base column on the right side of the chart.

15. Termination of Translation
At a stop codon, a release factor reads the triplet, and protein synthesis ends.
The polypeptide is released from the tRNA, the tRNA is released from the ribosome, and the two subunits separate from the mRNA.

16. Practice DNA 5’- TACAATGTCCCCACT- 3’ mRNA protein
Make an RNA strand from the following DNA strands then determine the amino acids which create the protein
DNA 5’- TACAATGTCCCCACT- 3’
mRNA
protein
3’-AUGUUACAGGGGUGA- 5’

17. Assignment
Complete the Translation (Protein Synthesis) WS independently on CODE RED.
Unfinished classwork will become homework.
STUDY FOR QUIZ!!!!!
DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation

18. FINISHED EARLY? Complete these extra practice problems
DNA 5’- ATCGATAGCTAGCTATAGCAT- 3’
mRNA
protein
DNA 5’- GGGTACTACGCTAGCTACTAG- 3’
DNA 5’- TAGATCGATCGGTTATAGCAT- 3’
DNA 5’- CCCTAGCATGATCAGATCGTA- 3’