1. 1. When is the maximum valence electrons not 8? Why?
October 22, 2008
1. When is the maximum valence electrons not 8? Why?
2. What is a metalloid?

2. Agenda Items Test next Wednesday (October 29)
Any makeup work by Wednesday afternoon.
Finish worksheet from today
Extra credit due Monday

3. Goals To explain how the periodic table is organized
To explain characteristics of various sections of the periodic table

4. How is the periodic table divided?
Into Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Into Families and Periods (Rows/Columns).

5. Metals Are located to the left of the zigzag
Exceptions: H and metalloids

6. Metals Properties include: have luster (shine)
can be stretched (ductile) and shaped (malleable)
conduct heat and electricity very well
Opaque (cannot see thru easily)
Most are solid at room temp

7. Nonmetals Are located to the right of the zigzag
Exceptions: metalloids

8. Nonmetals Properties include: dull
poor conductors of heat and electricity
shatter easily
can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temp

9. Metalloids/Semi-metals/Semi-conductors
Along the zigzag
7 total - B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

10. Metalloids/Semi-metals/Semi-conductors
Properties include:
some are shiny, some are dull
not as good of conductors as metals but better conductors than nonmetals (semiconductors- used in computers)

11. Rows/Periods are horizontal (side to side)
elements in the same row/period DO NOT have common properties

12. Rows/Periods there are 7 of them on the periodic table
The number of the period tells you how many energy levels those atoms have
Example… Barium is in the 6th period, so it would have 6 energy levels

13. Columns/Groups Are vertical (up and down)
Elements in the same group/family DO have common properties
Ex) Li, Na, K all have a similar chemical reaction with water (H2O). They all create an explosion that releases hydrogen gas (H2). Therefore, they are stored with oil, not water.

14. Columns/Groups There are 18 of them on the periodic table
Elements in the same group/family have the same number of valence electrons
Atoms want to achieve a filled outermost energy level – we call this an “octet” if the energy level contains 8 valence electrons.

15. Columns/Groups How many valence electrons does H have?
How many valence electrons does S have?
How many valence electrons does Si have?

16. October 24, 2008 1. How many energy levels would Selenium
have? Draw it’s Lewis diagram.
2. How many protons does chromium have?
electrons? Neutrons?

17. Agenda Items Goals Test Wednesday (Bellringers and Study Guide due)
Extra Credit due Monday
Goals
To explain how the periodic table is organized
To explain characteristics of various sections of the periodic table

18. Alkali metals Group 1 elements (except H) Have 1 valence electron
Are the most active metals
Tend to react with group 7 elements (halogens)- Why?

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GO SPARTANS!

20. Alkaline Earth metals Group 2 elements Have 2 valence electrons
Less reactive than alkali metals but are still reactive
Tend to react with group 6 elements

21. Transition metals those families that we did not number
Metals, but different from alkali or alkaline earth metals
Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons (hard to tell)
Includes mercury (Hg) – the only liquid metal at room temperature

22. Halogens Group 7 elements
Some are gases, Br is liquid, and some are solids
Have 7 valence electrons
Tend to react with group 1 elements (alkali metals)

23. Noble gases Group 8 elements Have complete outer shells
He has 2 valence electrons
Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 valence electrons

24. Noble gases
Are not reactive since they already achieved an “octet” (8 valence e-)
Contribute to less than 1% of earth’s atmosphere
O2 (21%) and N2 (78%) contribute to most of the atmosphere.

25. ***Rare-Earth Elements
includes elements at bottom of periodic table (part of periods 6 and 7)
first row = lanthanoid series- tend to be metals
second row = actinoid series – most are manmade (transuranium elements) and radioactive

26. Agenda Items Goals Test Wednesday (Bellringers and Study Guide due)
Extra Credit due Monday
Goals
To explain how the periodic table is organized
To explain characteristics of various sections of the periodic table