1. Chemical Reactions
Chemical Change

2. Properties of Matter Physical Property Chemical Property
Characteristic of a substance
Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and boiling points, physical state
Chemical Property
Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance.
Chemical change
Reactants are used to create a new material called products.

3. Pure Substances and Mixtures
All the particles that make up the substance are the same.
Broken down into 2 categories:
Elements
Can not be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds
Pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion

4. Pure Substances and Mixtures
Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2 categories:
Homogeneous Mixture
Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate components are not visible  Solution
Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are visible
Suspension  tiny particles cause a cloudy mixture
Salad dressing
Mechanical mixture  several solids combined
Chocolate chip cookie

6. Chemicals and Safety (p.511)
HHPS
Hazardous Household Product Symbol
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
MSDS
Materials Safety Data Sheet

7. Atomic Theory Protons Neutrons Electrons
Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus
Neutrons
Neutral particles that have about the same mass as protons and also found in nucleus
Electrons
Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that circle the nucleus at different energy levels

8. Elements & the Periodic Table
A structured arrangement of elements that helps us to explain and predict physical and chemical properties.
Atomic Structure
Bohr-Rutherford model
p. 145, fig. 4.9a

10. Chemical Reactivity Valence Shells
Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are called valence electrons.
The chemical properties of elements are related to the energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell.
Metals tend to lose electrons (cation)
Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion)

11. Chemical Reactivity
Atoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are different in the number of subatomic particles they have
This means that their reactivity is going to be different
2H2 + O2  2H2O
Trends in Periodic Table
Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns)
Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases
Trends based on how electrons are oriented
Shells

12. Periodic Table Atomic Number Atomic Mass Ion Charge
Is the number of protons in an atom of an element.
Atomic Mass
Is the measure of the average mass of an atom of that element.
Ion Charge
Ion is an atom or group of atoms with a negative or positive charge.