1. Vietnam STI Governance in the NIS context
Third Asia-Pacific NIS Forum
Diagnosis of NIS and Development of STI Strategies in the
Open Innovation Framework
Vietnam STI Governance in
the NIS context
Dr. Ta Doan Trinh , NISTPASS, Vietnam
8-9 April 2015, Bangkok, Thailand

2. Contents 1 2 3 STI in the Development Context STI Capacity Diagnosis
STI in NIS Context – some challenges
Today, let me introduce the R&D management system in Vietnam nowaday then about the challenges and bottlenecks that it faces and its national innovation strategies.

3. 1. STI in the development context

4. Vietnam in the ecomomic world map

5. World Bank Income Classification
Country
World Bank Income Levels
Brunei Darussalam
High-income
Cambodia
Low Income
Indonesia
Lower-middle Income
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Upper-middle Income
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
As of 1 July 2013, the World Bank income classifications by GNI per capita are as follows:
Low income: $1,035 or less
Lower middle income: $1,036 to $4,085
Upper middle income: $4,086 to $12,615
High income: $12,616 or more
WEF:
Vietnam is still a
Factor based economy

6. GCI

7. STI in the development process
Innovation
High education
and training
Technology readiness
2020
2013
Development periods
GDP/capita (USD)
Period 1: factors driven
<2,000
Transition from 1 to 2
2,000 – 3,000
Period 2: Effectiveness driven
3,000 – 9,000
Transition from 2 to 3
9,000 – 17,000
Period 3: Innovation driven
>17,000
Vietnam
2,000 – 3,000
3,000 – 9,000
Nguồn: WEF, 2013

8. Relationship between socio-economic development goals and STI goals in period 2011-2020
SED development goals
- Basically become industrialized country in 2020,
- Quick development but sound, sustainable.
- More independent and more self reliant in the world integrated economy
(SED strategies until 2020 )
STI goals
S&T should be main driving engine for fast and sustainable development: leading role in production force development, in reconstructuring growth model and improvement of the competitiveness
- Some S&T fields reachs the advanced levels in 2020 in comparisons with ASEAN countries
(S&T development Strategy until 2020)
STI goals are two fold: becoming driving growth engine for SED and building up the S&T capacity in some areas

9. Strategic tasks in S&T development Strategy
=> Vietnam socio-economic development strategy 2010 – 2020 requires S&T activities must be:
- focusing on and serve the industrialization and modernization process and
- contribute to the economic intensification , productivity , effectiveness and competitiveness.
3 strategic breakthroughs for development:
Improve the market economy institution and administrative reforms;
HRD linking with S&T application and development;
Infrastructure building
Identified 3 strategic tasks for S&T:
Facilitate the S&T applications,
Capacity building and
Management mechanism reform

10. STI policy initiatives & legislative regulations
Many policy orientations documents on STI
Resolution 246-NQ/CP of Central Government
S&T development strategy ;
Regional and ministerial strategies
Law - Decrees – Circulars - Action plans and programs
- Law on S&T 2013 and other related laws
Complete policy set concerning all aspects of S&T activities (from R&D to C, from S&T to I)
Many S&T programs in national and ministerial levels
Creating good policy environment for S&T development strategy implementation: restructuring S&T system to serve SED goals
Coordinating national programs and top-down approach

11. 2. STI Capacity diagnosis

12. GII WIPO 2014 - Key indicators
Population (millions)
GDP (US$ billions)
GDP per capita, PPP$ ,011.5
Income group Lower-middle income
Region South East Asia and Oceania
Score (0–100) or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 143)
Innovation Output Sub-Index
Innovation Input Sub-Index
Innovation Efficiency Ratio
Global Innovation Index 2013 (out of 142)

13. Current status of R&D activities
STT
Parameters
Year 2011 1.
Population
87.84 mil 2.
GDP
2,535,008 bil. VND 3.
GDP per capita
28.86 mil. VNĐ 4.
R&D personnel (head count)
134,789 5.
Researchers (head count)
105,230 6.
Researchers – women (headcount)
43,844 7.
Researcher per population head
11.97 8.
GERD (real price)
5, bil. VNĐ 9.
Ratio GERD/GDP
0.21%
10.
Average expenditure per researcher
50.31 mil. VNĐ
Source: Science and Technology 2013, NASATI, MOST

14. R&D Gross expenditure and
Total R&D expenditure
R&D Gross expenditure and
R&D intensity (2002 and 2011)
Bil. VNĐ, current price
R&D expenditure
By performer
2002
2011
GDP
GERD
1.142,39
5.293,95
GERD/GDP
0,21%
Source: S&T 2013, NASATI

15. R&D expenditure by performers
Year of bil. VNĐ, current price
Economic sector
Total
Performer
Research Institute
University
Admin Agency
Enterprise
NGO
Total for Nation
2,311.02
760.76
776.61
1,377.01
68.55
Government
4,287.57
2,303.44
760.59
446.95
Non-Government
690.98
7.58
165.00
614.68
FDI
315.38
Source: Compiled from Science and Technology 2013, NASATI, MOST

16. R&D personel Total By functional activity Researcher Technical
Nguồn: Điều tra NC&PT 2012 và Điều tra doanh nghiệp 2012
Total
By functional activity
Researcher
Technical
Supporting
Others
134,780
105,230
9,781
14,245
5,525
Government
119,582
94,101
8,351
12,853
4,277
Non Government
12,321
9,739
934
896
752
FDI
2,877
1,390
496
Source: Compiled from Science and Technology 2013, NASATI, MOST

17. R&D expenditure per researcher in ASEAN (USD ppp)
Source: Compiled from Science and Technology 2013, NASATI, MOST

18. Publication ranking 2006-2013 2012 Country Publication Ratio (%)
Nguồn: Cục Thông tin khoa học và công nghệ Quốc gia. CSDL Web of Science ngày 18/02/2014
Publication ranking
2012
Country
Publication
Ratio (%)
Ranking
Taiwan (China)
212,642
1.561 17
30,974
1.657 16
Singapore
82,403
0.605 33
12,843
0.687 31
Malaysia
48,012
0.352 42
9,525
0.510 38
Thailand
47,983 43
7,610
0.407
Vietnam
10,983
0.081 62
1,929
0.103 60
Indonesia
10,354
0.076 64
1,688
0.090
Philippine
8,357
0.061 69
1,275
0.068 67
Source: Compiled from Science and Technology 2013, NASATI, MOST

19. By nationality of applicants
Patent application
Nguồn: Cục sở hữu trí tuệ
Year
Total
By nationality of applicants
Vietnam citizenship
Foreigner
Quantity %
5,758
161
2.8%
5,597
97.2%
7,025
482
6.9%
6,543
93.1%
14,697
1,183
8.1%
13,514
91.9%
2011
3,688
301
8.2%
3,387
91.8%
2012
3,959
382
9.7%
3,577
90.3%
2013
3,902
408
10.5%
3,494
89.5%
39,029
2.917
7.5%
36,112
92.5%
Source: Compiled from Science and Technology 2013, NASATI, MOST

20. By nationality of Applicants
Patent granted
Year
Total
By nationality of Applicants
Vietnamese
Foreigner
Quantity %
1,486 32
2.2%
1,454
97.8%
3,666 82
3,584
3,588
175
4.9%
3,413
95.1%
2011
985 40
4.1%
945
95.9%
2012
1,025 45
4.4%
980
95.6%
2013
1,717 53
4.5%
1,118
95.5%
11,921
427
3.6%
11,494
96.4%

21. Nationality of applicant
Utility granted
Year
Total
Nationality of applicant
Application
Granted
Vietnamese
Foreigner
308 89
143 32
165 57
753
271
463
151
290
120
1.292
352
744
222
548
130
2011
307 69
193 46
114 23
2012
298 87
198 59
100 28
2013
304
101
209 95
3,262
969
1,950
579
1,312
390

22. 3. STI policy in NIS context – some challenges

23. Problem in S&T development strategy
SED policy for S&T D- fostering and nurturing role
Weak
S&T
For
SED
Poor SE Investment
For
S&TD
STI policy for SED - growth engine role

24. NIS in developing country
Incomplete NSI:
Lack of sufficient actors
Lack of stable linkage
Firm
Univ
Gov
FDI
Tech
center
Firm
Univ.
Gov.
FDI
Tech.
center
Source: Lundvall et al (2009)

25. Characteristics of NIS in developing countries
Firms – the center of NIS:
Mainly ares SME,
Different role in domestic and global value chains;
Low technology capability and none-core innovative (less R&D, more technology learning)
Less developed NIS, RIS : weak coherence among innovation related policies
Weak linkage between academia, research institutions with firms and among firms: researcher – radical frontier topics >< firm incremental change
Less favorable ecosystem: Weak Financial market, unstable legal system, HR and IPR sufficiency,

26. NIS and policy making approach
STI policy in connection with other policies – going beyons traditional S&T development strategy

27. Challenges of STI governance mechanisms
Effectiveness
Challenge
When , Where and How
to implement
Identifying
Capable performers
Who implements
Right thing
To do
What to do
When, Where
and how to fulfill the missions
Who are mandated
to hold the missions
What are the Right Things to do
with scare resources

28. Thank you