1. Transgenic Organisms
Ms. Cuthrell

2. 3.3.2
Summarize how transgenic organisms are engineered to benefit society.

4. Genetic Engineering (Biotechnology) is the science of creating transgenic organisms for the benefit of society.
Transgenic organisms contain recombinant DNA which is made by connecting fragments of DNA from different sources.

5. Transgenic Organisms
Scientists can essentially make any living organisms offspring a transgenic organism.
Common Purposes
Agriculture
Medicine
Industry

6. Creating a Recombinant Plasmid
Restriction enzymes cut DNA of both DNA strands. They are bacterial proteins that have the ability to cut both strands of the DNA molecule at a specific nucleotide sequence.

8. A Few Restriction Enzymes

9. 2nd Step
The foreign DNA is connected to the plasmid DNA by another enzyme called DNA ligase.

10. 3rd Step
Only bacterial plasmids that incorporate the foreign DNA survive when placed on a medium with an antibiotic.

11. Gene Cloning
Using plasmid DNA to replicate human genes such as insulin is very popular. Advantage of using bacteria to clone is that they reproduce quickly.
Clones: genetically identical copies.

12. Gene Expression DNA->RNA-> Protein
In this case, the DNA used codes for the protein insulin.
Insulin is given to diabetic patients.