1. Student Number: 3669129 BDC332 practical faculty November 2018
Title
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Student Number:
BDC332 practical
faculty
November 2018
Please use this template to answer your Practical Exam Question. Ensure you have YOUR STUDENT NUMBER on the Title Page and this PowerPoint file is renamed to reflect your student number and the country you analysed. The completed PowerPoint needs to be put onto a computer and you attach your name to the computer. The data includes that downloaded from IUCN Red Data List, DIVA GIS, WWF Ecoregions, Protected Planet, and ESRI. You may add images but please credit/attribute them using an in-text numbering system and a reference list on the final page.
BCB/ESS
Kingdom of Cambodia

2. Introduction location
Prepare a location map using your GIS with a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a figure caption. Your map should include neighbouring countries and their Capital cities. please include an overview map.

3. https://commons. wikimedia

4. Biodiversity description andthreats
Cambodia Biodiversity capital assets
Cambodia possesses some of the most valuable biodiversity in South East Asia. Its forests still hold (although in decreasing numbers) threatened species such as the Siamese crocodile and Asian elephant that are no longer found in the wild in neighboring countries
Cambodia also has a rich marine environment, with coral reefs surrounding almost all of its islands.
Introduction
Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

5. Biodiversity supports Cambodians ecologically, economically and culturally.
Cambodia is made up of
135 species of mammals,
599 species of birds,
173 species of reptiles,
72 species of amphibians,
350 species of moths and butterflies,
955 fresh and marine fish and aquatic species, and more than 4,500 vascular plant species
Around 70 coral species are known to be found here

6. The major threats for biodiversity in Cambodia are
The major threats for biodiversity in Cambodia are *Land conversion/deforestation *Dams, roads and infrastructure including coastal development *Sand dredging in waterways *Overfishing and illegal fishing techniques *Illegal harvest of forest products *Illegal wildlife trade

7. Threats Cambodia faces
challenge of developing its economy
poverty
Deforestation
Destruction of marine life because of explosives and poisons

8. Cambodia CURRENT PROTECTED AREAS
Surrounding countries
Methods
Prepare a map of the current Protected Areas Network. The prepared map should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS. N

9. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
Conservation targets were then set for conservation to aid in the demonstration of a planning unit. These targets are the number of species and habitats which we aim to conserve. A huge variety of sources are used to check the categories which the species carry such as being of least concern, endangered, critical or extinct.
Methods
Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data ( ).
The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

10. CONSERVATION planning units (ecological)
There are two types of Conservation units namely, systematic and ecological.
Methods
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

11. CONSERVATION planning units (Systematic)
The systematic conservation unit was the best choice because it divides the country into hexagons of equal size used for locating and managing Cambodia’s protected areas.. The ecological planning unit puts a focus on the ecological features of a region namely, elevation and catchment rainfall in order to generate a number of conservation units. Therefore this conservation approach generated one thousand and ten planning units.
Methods N
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

12. CONSERVATION planning tenure Evaluating Protected areas
Methods
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the efficiency of the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

13. CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
Methods
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the complement (what needs to be added) to the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

14. Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
4.) Computationally, MARXAN provides solutions to a conservation version of the 0-1 knapsack problem, where the objects of interest are potential reserve sites with given biological attributes.
Steps in Marxan
1. Identify goals and objectives;
2. Identify features, map best available data;
3. Divide the area into planning units;
4. Tally amount of each feature in each planning unit;
5. Set targets for each feature;
6. Run Marxan analysis, calibrate parameters;
7. Map outputs from desired scenarios;
8. Reiterate analysis with new/updated data and/or constraints at any step.
What is Marxan?
1.) Marxan is a software programme we learnt about and used in ESS
Methods
2. ) Using Marxan , conservation planners can identify an efficent system of conservation sites
3.) Marxan is designed to aid systematic reserve design on conservation planning. With the use of stochastic optimisation routines
Use this slide and simple drawings or flow diagrams to explain the core concepts of MARXAN. You should not use the IDRISI dialogue boxes. Ensure you use proper annotation and include a descriptive caption.

15. Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
* MARXAN is used to determine the effectiveness of a country’s conservation planning and if the conservation targets are being met.
*MARXAN shows that with a target percentage of species input will be conserved. With these images we can see that the MARXAN results coincide with the protected area network with a few small areas which are not included as in the protected areas network. These areas could be at shortfall that was not preserved when MARXAN was run.
Methods
In summarized point form describe the parameter options you should select for the final RUN of the MARXAN analysis. You may use dialogue boxes to explain this section. (You do not need to run MARXAN as it would take too long to do the runs).

16. Expected Results Systematic CONSERVATION planning
By using Marxan I would have obtained the following results for the area of Cambodia
I would have been able to Identify areas in Cambodia that efficiently meet targets for a range of biodiversity features for minimal cost
I would use the principle of complementarity to select planning units which complement the conservation area network (the whole is more than the sum of its parts); within the areas of Cambodia
Meet spatial requirements such as compactness of a reserve system;
Include data on ecological processes, threats, and condition;
Identify tradeoffs between conservation and socio-economic objectives; and
Generate a number of very good solutions that can help protect biodiversity but also remove socio-economic issues such as poverty .
Expected Results
Explain using Diagrams the results you would expect to obtain from MARXAN. They do not need to be the actual results rather the form of the MARXAN outputs you would expect. You may use more than one slide to prepare this section.

17. Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements
*References: *All images and audio were obtained from creative commons websites: Wikimedia, Flikr, Creative Commons *Site used Diva Gis , Idrisi Selva, Planet nisel site
References
Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.