1. Models of Human Service Delivery

2. Three Models
Medical Model
Human service Model
Spiritual Model

3. Medical Model Oldest treatment model Developed by medical profession
Assumes mental disorders are diseases/illnesses
Treatment=medication, laboratory studies, physical therapy
Psychiatric medication
Patient as recipient

4. Medical Model
This approach sees the person coming for help as “sick” or “ill” or otherwise not healthy
The physician or service provider is expected to treat and/or cure the disease
Historically, the model can be summarized by the following elements: symptom-diagnosis-treatment-cure

5. Medical Model and Human Services
Mary Richmond authored Social Diagnosis in 1917 and used the medical model to describe social casework
The social problem was rooted in the individual
The social physician was to heal the complex of conditions leading to the problem

6. Medical Model and Corrections
The corrections field adopted the medical model during the 1930s
The emphasis shifted from punishment to treatment
Rehabilitation was the treatment to allow reenter into society
Unfortunately, financial constraints limited this approach

7. Medical Model and Mental Illness
Philippe Pinel ( ) applied the medical model to the field of mental illness
Mental disorders were seen as organic in nature and their diagnosis and treatment were a medical matter
Hence, those diagnosed with mental illness were to be treated as patients

8. Medical Model and Mental Illness
Sigmund Freud was initially a proponent of the medical model but would later revolutionize the treatment of mental illness with the psychoanalytic method
The patient/client would share thoughts with the therapist and the therapist would interpret the nature of their repression and suggest curative approaches

9. Medical Model and Mental Illness
Electroshock therapy was developed in the 1940s and use for a variety of conditions through the 1960s
It was effective for depression but less so for other conditions

10. Medical Model and Mental Illness
Subsequent to the 1960s psychotropic medications gained popularity
These drugs act upon the brain and are currently the most common approach to the treatment of mental illness
The study of the preparation, use, and effect of these drugs is pharmacology

11. Medical Model and Mental Illness
Psychopharmacology “focuses on the psychological effects of and the use of drugs to treat symptoms of mental and emotional disorders”

12. Psychiatric medication
Antipsychotics (major tranquilizers)
Haldol, Mellaril, Thorazine
Antidepressants (relieve depression)
Elavil, Prozac
Antianxiety drugs (minor tranquilizers)
Valium, Librium, Xanax)
Narcotic Pain Meds

13. Human Service Model
Focuses on interaction between individual and environment
Stresses need for balance
Client/consumer/customer
Focus on interpersonal and environmental conflicts
Treatment=problem solving
Strengths-based

14. Human Service Model Characteristics Generic focus
Accessible, comprehensive, coordinated
Problem solving approach
Whole person
Accountable to consumer

15. Problem Solving Approach
General orientation
Problem identification
Generating alternatives
Decision making
Evaluation

16. Conclusion Agencies may prefer one over the other depending on mission
Workers are usually skilled in and identify with one model

17. Spiritual Model Problems develop as a result of sin in the world.
Prayer
Scripture
Self-disclosure
Annoint with oil
Accountability

18. Theories that Impact Human Service Delivery
Names you need to know:

19. Maslow-Transpersonal

20. Freud
Psychoanalytic

21. Pavlov & Skinner
Behaviorism

22. Marx’s theories impacted economic, political, and social thinking.
Marx-Conflict Theory
Marx’s theories impacted economic, political, and social thinking.

23. Parson, Satir, Bowen and Others
People must be understood in context.

24. Jay Adams and Others Neuthetic Counseling
The answers to life’s problems are in the Bible.