1. Scientific method

2. Warm-up
A student wants to test the effect of watering plants with different sorts of fluid (such as juice or soda). Write a hypothesis that would apply to this experiment.

3. PRAIRIE CARRYING A BONE
Dogs and Turnips
THE BIG FAT RED DOG
WALKED INTO THE LITTLE
WHITE HOUSE ON THE
PRAIRIE CARRYING A BONE
AND ATE HIS BOWL OF
TURNIPS

4. Science is a Process

5. The Scientific Method Observations and questions Hypothesis
Collecting data
Interpreting results
Disseminating findings
Repeat!!!

6. Hypothesis
A testable statement that can be proved or disproved through controlled experimentation.
A null hypothesis is a statement that can be proved wrong.
Example: Fish death has no relationship to contaminates in the water.

7. Writing a Hypothesis Must be logical Must be testable
If, then statements*
Written as a statement, not a question* (even if you are coming to the experiment looking for the answer to a question)
Must include independent and dependent variables!
*Most labs and real-world science use null hypothesis

8. Examples
If you get at least 6 hours of sleep, you will do better on tests than if you get less sleep
All daisies have the same number of petals
The number of pets in a household is unrelated to the number of people living in it
If you cover a wound with a bandage, then it will heal with less scarring
A person's preference for a shirt is unrelated to its color.
If you drink coffee before going to bed, then it will take longer to fall asleep.

9. Types of Variables Independent Dependent
The thing you are testing in an experiment
YOU control this
Only one per experiment
Dependent
The change that happens because of the independent
What you look for in an experiment
Static / stabilizing / constant
All the variables that stay the same

11. Remember! Your hypothesis tells you your variables!
EX: If I drink coffee before bed will I sleep better?
IV:
DV:
Drinking coffee
Quality of sleep

12. If I leave all the lights on all day my electric bill will be expensive
When I brush my cat more there is less fur on my furniture
Elizabeth wanted to test if temperature affected how fast milk goes bad and curdles. She left milk in a room temperature closet, a fridge, and a oven that was turned on low heat. She then measured how rotten the milk was after 10 days.

13. Control group
Control: The part of the experiment that the scientist doesn’t change or add the variable to
Establishes a base-line for comparison
Ex. The plant with the water

15. Theory- a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and is widely accepted.
Natural Law- When a theory has been tested multiple times and there are no known exceptions. Ex. Law of gravity and laws of thermodynamics.

16. Controlled Experiments and Natural Experiments
Controlled experiment- an experiment conducted in the controlled conditions of a laboratory.
Natural experiments- when a natural event, such as a volcano, acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem.

17. Graphing! Line graph Bar graph Pie chart Used most often
Used for showing change over time
Generally represented of any change
Can have multiple lines comparing change of two things
Bar graph
Comparing multiple sets of data
Pie chart
Parts of a whole
percentages

19. Exit - Ticket Come up with an experiment. Write a hypothesis
Identify the: IV DV ST
Control group
constant