1. Daily Science
If I dumped the cup of Coke into the cup of milk in yesterday’s lab and observed the pH of the milk change from a 7 to a 5, by how much did the pH change?
Answer: a pH change of 100
What kind of ions does your stomach acid contain? What about oven cleaner?
Answer: acid= H+, base= OH-
Give 2 reasons why it’s important that we have natural buffers in our bodies.
Answer: to maintain homeostasis, and counteract changing pH

2. Carbon Compounds
Biology I

3. Let’s Review Carbon
What p+, e-, and n0 does carbon have? Fill this in on your note sheet.
In the space provided, draw a Bohr model of carbon
4e- 6 C 12
2e-
6p+
6n0

4. The Valence of Carbon What makes carbon so special?
Carbon atoms have four valence electrons.
Each electron can make a strong covalent bond with another atom.
Carbon is able to bond with many different elements.
To show the unique ability of carbon to form covalent bonds, let’s draw a Lewis-dot structure of carbon bonding with hydrogen. How many hydrogen atoms can bond with carbon to complete it’s valence shell?

5. Top 4 atoms Carbon Bonds With

6. Carbon Compounds Carbon can bond to other carbon atoms.
This allows carbon to form chains of almost unlimited length OR carbon can make rings.
Vitamin C shows the versatility of carbon structures

7. Carbon Compounds Makes single, double, or triple covalent bonds.
Has the ability to make millions of different large and complex structures.
Single Bonds
Double Bonds

8. Carbon in Your Body
The 4 main molecules that compose your body are all made up of carbon, here they are:
Proteins, Lipids (fats), Carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA)
When you eat the foods below, you get proteins/lipids/carbs and are putting carbon back into your body

9. Where Did Carbon Come From?
Here’s some cool food for thought…
Every single atom in your body (including carbon) was created in a star billions of years ago
They were formed 13.7 billion years ago from the big bang (see below)
Every rock, tree, butterfly, and building that you see comprises atoms that arose 13.7 bya
THE ATOMS THAT MAKE UP YOUR BODY ARE 13 BILLION YEARS OLD!

10. Organic vs. Inorganic Organic – compounds that contain carbon
In Biology, “organic” refers to a living or once-living organism, or a substance made by a living or once-living organism.
Materials that can trace back to plants or animals
This is different from “organic” foods that you find in the grocery store. Organic foods are goods made without artificial fertilizers, pesticides, or growth hormones.
Inorganic- compounds that trace back to minerals

11. Let’s Practice Is quartz (SiO2) organic or inorganic?
Is gasoline organic or inorganic?
Chemical Formula for Gasoline