1. Presented by: Kyle Dye, Kathi Roisen, Derek Watson and Chris Wilkey
Electronic Archive
Presented by:
Kyle Dye, Kathi Roisen, Derek Watson and
Chris Wilkey

2. Malcom Knowles
Most influential adult educator of latter half of 20th century
Popularized the term “Andragogy”
Recognized that adults tap into a wealth of life experience as they learn
Distinguished between teacher- directed activities deemed appropriate for children and self- directed activities appropriate for adults

3. KNOWLES Continued…
Transform the role of traditional teacher into “facilitator of learning” 
Adults are oriented toward problem solving rather than subject centeredness
Adults have a desire to develop competency and are internally motivated
Adult educators should design curriculum that is tailored to adults’ learning styles and needs and they should welcome input from the learners regarding content and learning processes

4. Characteristics of Adult learners per Knowles
They tap into a growing reservoir of life experience that is the basis for learning
They exhibit readiness to learn and thrive on participatory decision-making
Adults can identify, articulate and clarify their learning needs
They are self-directed

5. Learning Contracts
Knowles introduced the notion of developing a “learning contract”
An agreement between student and instructor that includes
learning objectives
strategies for achieving objectives
time frame for reaching goals
how student will be assessed and demonstrate that objectives have been met.

6. Charles Prosser Father of vocational education
Strongly influenced the development and passage of seminal legislation that launched federal funding of vocational education (Smith-Hughes Act 1917)
Offered high school students an alternative pathway
Critical of traditional high school curriculum which emphasized scholarship and college prep

7. Prosser’s Philosophy
Education should be differentiated based on abilities, interests and occupational opportunities
Advancing vocational education options would enhance our democracy
The needs of the majority of children do not coincide with a liberal high school educational geared to 4 yr. college
Prosser believed there should be public vocational schools as an alternative to high school, each offering it’s own specialty

8. Prosser’s Philosophy Cont…
Embraced view that there is a fit for certain types of students and certain types of education
Different from Dewey who criticized distinct curricular tracks and sought to integrate academic and vocational curricula
Prosser believed schools should help students get a job, hold onto it and advance to a better one
Recognized that science and technology change rapidly impacting industry; short-term courses for re-training and updating are necessary

9. Prosser’s Philosophy Cont…
Even with implementation of vocational education tracks, over time Prosser came to believe significant numbers of students still lacked preparation and skills for adulthood
He suggested they needed “life adjustment education”-i.e. practical training in health, etiquette, family living, personality.
Economic shifts and advancing technology require ongoing revisions in CTE programs to keep pace with the demands of our economy

10. Toastmasters International
Toastmasters- international non- profit founded in 1924, operating in more than 140 countries
Mission statement says: “We empower individuals to become more effective communicators and leaders”
Regular club meetings occur weekly where members practice increasingly challenging public speaking skills
Honest constructive criticism plays large part in the program

11. Toastmasters International Cont…
Listening skills, critical thinking and feedback skills are also emphasized
Fees are very modest; therefore, access to Toastmasters is broad.
Not based on book learning, but on reaching self-improvement goals
Certificates of achievement can be acquired, but don’t have measurable value outside program

12. Toastmasters International Cont…
Toastmasters recently created an on-line learning program (Pathways) to offer more flexibility to members
This represents a paradigm shift for the organization
Governance of Toastmasters relies on shared decision-making processes
The adoption of Pathways came about through years of research and feedback from members

13. Toastmasters International Cont…
Experienced members are encouraged to step outside of the organization to present fundamentals of public speaking to non- members
This might generate the formation of a new Toastmasters club
The organization now has a youth program for participants under 18, where a coordinator facilitates meetings helping students become comfortable giving impromptu talks and prepared speeches

14. Coursera
Coursera was founded in 2012 by two Stanford University computer science professors as a for-profit education resource known as a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course).
Coursera partners with learning institutions throughout the world to offer thousands of online courses, some for credit or course certificate, others not.
Coursera set out with multiples objectives, including extending educational opportunities to people in developing countries of lower socioeconomic status.

15. Coursera
Through Coursera’s diverse network of partnerships with universities and organizations their flexible online educational platform brings together a wide range of degree and certificate programs to the people wanting a different kind of higher education.

16. Coursera Cont…
The coursework is completed online through an “interactive” textbook.
 Through the pre-recorded videos, quizzes and projects, the self- directed learner can close in on their educational goal from just about anywhere.
The wide range of online degrees and certificates from the partnering schools and organizations makes Coursera a strong choice for busy individuals and working professionals.
They offer nine master’s degrees, one BS in Computer Science, and seven certificates.

17. Coursera Cont…
The degree programs take months to complete while Professional Certificates take 4-10 months. For example, the Masters of Computer Science Degree that is offered at Coursera is through Arizona State and takes months with an average of 15 hours per week.
The Google IT Certificate is designed to be completed in as soon as 8 months with 8-10 hours a week dedicated to the course.