1. Improved joint reversible data hiding in encrypted images
Source: J. Vis. Commun. Image R. 40 (2016) 732–738
Authors: Zhenxing Qian, Shu Dai, Fei Jiang, Xinpeng Zhang
Speaker: Lin Jiang-Yi
Date:
前三個作者都是 Information Science and Technology,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong,廣東中山大學 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA

2. Outline
Introduction
Proposed Scheme
Experimental Results
Comments

3. Introduction（1/6）
1、 reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI)

4. Introduction（2/6） 2、vacating room before encryption (VRBE)
K. Ma, W. Zhang, X. Zhao, N. Yu, and F. Li, Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption, IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 553–562, Mar
W. Zhang, K. Ma, and N. Yu, Reversibility improved data hiding in encrypted images, Signal Process., vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 118–127, Jan
Sh. Yi, Y. Zhou, Binary-block embedding for reversible data hiding in encrypted images, Signal Process., vol. 133, pp. 40–51, Apr

5. Introduction（3/6） 3、vacating room after encryption (VRAE)
X. Zhang, Reversible data hiding in encrypted images, IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 255– 258, Apr
W. Hong, T. Chen, and H. Wu, An improved reversible data hiding in encrypted images using side match, IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 199–202, Apr
X. Zhang, Separable reversible data hiding in encrypted image, IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 826–832, Apr

6. Introduction（4/6） 4、Zhang’s method in 2011 Original image s0 s1
145
146
144
147
148
145
146
144
147
148
001
010
000
011
100
Encryption key
3 LSBs
Original image s0 s1
Original value
Secret=0
Embedding
Flip
150
146
151
144
145
149
148
147
110
010
111
000
001
101
100
011
Stego value

7. Introduction（5/6） 4、Zhang’s method in 2011 Stego value Extraction 150
146
151
144
145
149
148
147
110
010
111
000
001
101
100
011
001
010
000
011
100
145
146
144
147
148
Secret=0 H0
Stego value
Secret=1 H1
110
101
111
100
011
150
149
151
153
152
148
147
Extraction

8. Introduction（6/6）
5、Drawback

9. Proposed Scheme(1/9)
1、Divide the original image four down-sampled images denoted as E1 , E2 , E3 and E4 .

10. Proposed Scheme(2/9) 2、 First round embedding
Three LSB layers are extracted from E2 , E3 and E4 by
Secret: t

11. Proposed Scheme(3/9) 2、 First round embedding-example
145
146
144
147
148
001
010
000
011
100
L1={(001),(001),(010),(010)}
L=4,a=4 …
Secret: 2
E2 , E3 and E4
3LSB
146
145
144
147
148
010
001
000
011
100
L1={ (010),(010),(001),(001)}
E2’ , E3’ and E4’

12. Proposed Scheme(4/9) 3、 Second round embedding
Three LSB layers are extracted from E1 by
swaps the order of W1 and Wr+2 and put the swapped blocks back to the
corresponding LSB layers in E1
Secret: r
Repeat the embedding until R/2 blocks have been
swapped to accommodate additional message

13. Proposed Scheme(5/9) 3、 Second round embedding-example
145
146
144
147
148
001
010
000
011
100
W1={( )}
Secret: 1
R=4,r=2
W2={( )}
W3={( )}
W4={( )}
3LSB E1
U1={( )}
146
147
148
144
145
010
011
100
000
001
U2={( )}
E1’

14. Proposed Scheme(6/9) 4、 Second round extraction
Three LSB layers are extracted from E1’ by
swaps the 3LSB of W1’ and Wi+2’,i belongs to [0,R-2],calculate k, and k is the secret.
Remove W1’ and Wk+2’ from W set, repeat extraction until the length of J1’ is R/2.

15. Proposed Scheme(7/9) 4、 Second round extraction-example
146
147
148
144
145
010
011
100
000
001
W1={( )}
Secret: 1
R=4,r=2
W2={( )}
W3={( )}
W4={( )}
E1’
3LSB
145
146
144
147
148
001
010
000
011
100 E1

16. Proposed Scheme(8/9) 5、 First round extraction
Estimates the other pixels by linear interpolation through E1, create X2,X3 and X4.
Divided all pixels in X2,X3 and X4 into L segments{G1,G2,…,GL}。
Divided all pixels in E2’,E3’ and E4’ into L segments{C1,C2,…,CL}。
for i=1:L
secret_i = 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑘=1 𝑎 | 𝐺 𝑖 𝑘 − 𝐶 𝑖 (𝑘)|
end

17. Proposed Scheme(9/9) 5、 First round extraction-example
146
145
144
147
148
010
001
000
011
100
L1={(010),(010),(001),(001)}
L=4,a=4 …
E2’ , E3’ and E4’
145
146
144
147
148
Secret =0 L1’={(010),(010),(001),(001)} , {146,146,145,145}
Secret = 1 L1’={(001),(010),(010),(001)} , {145,146,146,145}
Secret = 2 L1’={(001),(001),(010),(010)} , {145,145,146,146} …
X2 , X3 and X4

18. Experimental Results(1/5)
[3] X. Zhang, Reversible data hiding in encrypted image, IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 18 (4) (2011) 255–258.
[4] W. Hong, T.S. Chen, H.Y. Wu, An improved reversible data hiding in encrypted images using side match, IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 19 (4) (2012) 199–202.
[5] X. Liao, C.W. Shu, Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on absolute mean difference of multiple neighboring pixels, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 28 (2) (2015) 21–27.
Empirical Chromosomes Addition

19. Experimental Results(2/5)

20. Experimental Results(3/5)

21. Comments RDH-EI in medical images. Suitable for small payload.
A little complicate.