1. Describing Life

2. What characteristics seem to be the most useful in determining whether something is alive?

3. Unifying Principles in Biology
Collection of characteristics that are common to all life.
Evolution
Homeostasis
Energy, Matter and Organization
Continuity: Reproduction and Inheritance
Development
Ecology

4. #1 Evolution: Patterns and Products of Change in Living Systems
Populations of Organisms Change over time.
Natural Selection - Mechanism of Change
Leads to a diversity of Life
Classification systems
Gene mutation produces variation in populations

5. Natural Selection

6. Darwin’s Finches
Scientists trace the path of evolution.
Time

7. Classification Systems
6 Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

8. Classification within Kingdoms
Hierarchical levels of classification.

9. #2 Homeostasis: Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium in Living Systems
All organisms maintain an internal balance.
Example
Endocrine system
Reproductive cycles
Insulin and glucagon
Osmosis and Diffusion
Blood oxygen

10. Homeostasis (Continued)
Circulatory and Excretory System
Heart Rates
Removal of wastes

11. #3 Energy, Matter and Organization: Relationships in Living Systems
Organisms are composed of….
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Organisms require energy to maintain their structure
Digestion, Cellular respiration, photosynthesis

12. #4 Continuity: Reproduction and Inheritance in Living Systems
Organization and Function depends on genetic material.
DNA
Genotype Protein Phenotype
Organisms pass on genetic material through reproduction
Sexually or Asexually
Genetics, heredity

13. #5 Development: Growth and Differentiation in Living Systems
Organisms are composed of many different cell types that formed from a single cell.
Differentiation

14. Development (Continued)
Cell Cycle and Mitosis- process of growth of a single cell or tissue type

15. #6 Ecology: Interaction and Interdependence in Living Systems
All living things are part of the world ecosystem
Organisms in a community depend on each other
Feeding Relationships
Energy

16. Ecology (Continued) Water cycle Nitrogen carbon
Biotic - Abiotic interactions - cycle of matter
Pollution and Climate Change
Water cycle
Nitrogen
carbon

17. Ecology (Continued)
Population interactions
Limiting factors
Pyramids