1. EVOLUTION VOCABULARY

2. Law of Use and Disuse Punctuated Equillibrium
Natural Selection Macroevolution
Survival of the Fittest Microevolution
Population Homologous Body Structures
Allelic Frequency Vestigial Structures
Fitness Embryo
Adaptation The Fossil Record
Mimicry
Natural Variation
Artificial Selection
Divergence
Speciation
Gradualism

3. Evolution Radioactive Dating
Extinct Gene Pool
Extant Disruptive Selection
Speciation Directional Selection
Common Descent Fossil Record
Fossils Relative Dating
Temporal Isolation Relative Frequency
Reproductive Isolation Genetic Drift
Behavior Isolation Niche
Geographic Isolation

4. Survival of the Fittest Natural Selection
Law of Use and Disuse
Organisms could change the size or shape of organs by using them or not using them
Survival of the Fittest
Only a fraction of offspring survive each generation
Natural Selection
Individuals who inherit characteristics most fit for their environment are likely to leave more offspring than less fit individuals.
Population
All members of a species that live in an area.
Allelic Frequency
The frequency of a specific allele, how often it appears

5. Reproductive isolation Gradualism
When populations cant breed due to geographic separation.
Gradualism
Gradual change over a long period of time leading to new species.
Fitness
Ability of an individual to survive & reproduce.
Adaptation
A physical characteristic that better enables a species to survive.
Mimicry
When one species is able to resemble another.

6. Natural Variation Artificial Selection Divergence Speciation
Differences among individuals of a species.
Artificial Selection
Selective breeding to enhance desired traits among stock or crops.
Divergence
The accumulation of differences among two groups of the same species, which can then become so different that they can no longer interbreed, developing a new species.
Speciation
The formation of a new species.

7. Punctuated Equilibrium
A model of evolution in which periods of rapid change in species are separated by periods of little or no change.
Macroevolution
Long time scale events that create and destroy species.
Microevolution
Short time scale events (generation-to-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations.
Homologous Body Structures
Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor.
Vestigial Structures
Structures that are present in an organism, but serve no apparent purpose.

8. Embryo The Fossil Record Early stages of vertebrate development
All information about past life that can provide evidence about the history of life on Earth.

9. Evolution-the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Extinction-the end of an organism or of a group of organisms
Extant-members still alive, as opposed to (all) being extinct
Speciation-the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
Common Descent-proposes that all organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor or ancestral gene pool

10. Fossils-the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock
Temporal Isolation-isolated in time', so this is a mechanism that prevents species from mating because they breed at different times
Reproductive Isolation-refers to the situation where different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding
Behavioral Isolation- important evolutionary mechanism that helps members of the same species identify each other as proper mates
Geographic Isolation-refers to a population of animals, plants, or other organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species

11. Radioactive Dating- method of determining the age of earth materials or objects of organic origin based on measurement of either short-lived radioactive elements or the amount of a long-lived radioactive element plus its decay product
Gene Pool-the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population
Disruptive Selection-type of natural selection that selects against the average individual in a population
Directional Selection- a mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype
Fossil Record-the total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them

12. Relative Dating- the science of determining the relative order of past events
Relative Frequency-to compute relative frequency, one obtains a frequency count for the total population and a frequency count for a subgroup of the population
Genetic Drift-variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce
Niche-refers to the way in which an organism fits into an ecological community or ecosystem