1. Instruments 기계 and Appliances used in Microbiology

2. What is Microbiology? 미생물
Micro - too small to be seen with the nacked eye
Bio - life
logy - study of
(The science that studies micro organisms)

3. Organisms included in the study of Microbiology
Bacteria
Algae 조류
Fungi 진균류
Viruses 바이러스
Microorganisms - Microbes - Germs 세균

4. Microbial Culture in Lab
1) Sample Collection
Laboratory

5. Microbial Culture in Lab
1) Sample Collection
Hot air oven
뜨거운 공기 오븐
2) Sterilization 살균

6. Hot air oven 뜨거운 공기 오븐
Used to sterilize the items, which do not get damaged by high temperature (laboratory glass, flasks, instruments with sharp cutting edges).
This kind of dry heat sterilization is recommended when it is undesirable that hot air make contact with the material to be sterilized.
This is true for glass wares – glass petri plates, Pipettes as well as for substances like oil, powder, etc.

7. Microbial Culture in Lab
1) Sample Collection
Micropipette tips
Petri dish
Conical flask
2) Sterilization 살균
Agar Medium
Bacteria
Potato Dextrose Agar
Fungus
10 ml
9 ml
Test tube with water
Beaker with water
Autoclave

8. Autoclave 고압멸균기

9. Autoclave 고압멸균기
Autoclave is strong vessel in which water heated under pressure
Commonly 18 psig & 250oF.
Sterilize instruments, media, & infectious waste.
...and other activities

10. Hazards Burns -- steam, hot water.
Inadequate killing of infectious organisms.
Pressurizing & rupture of closed vessels inside autoclave or on opening of door.

11. Preparation Clear drain screen to allow steam circulation.
Arrange load to allow steam circulation.
Check door gasket for damage.
Use secondary containment with liquids and infectious waste.
Use only borosilicate (pyrex type) glass.
Loosen caps or use foil covers or cotton plugs.
Do not overfull containers.

12. Set & Start Autoclave Thirty minutes is MINIMUM.
Time required is load dependent.
Make sure everything is in completely.
Tighten door properly.
Start cycle.

13. NEVER try to open while it’s operating.
Wear heat resistant gloves, splash goggles.
Check pressure gauge = 0 psi before opening.
If there’s resistance, do not force.
Stand back.
Open door 1/2 inch, allow steam to dissipate.
Slowly open door further.
Most of microorganisms are killed at 121oC (i.e. 15 lb/in2) in 15 min

15. Microbial Culture in Lab Laminar Flow Chamber 층류 실
1) Sample Collection
2) Sterilization 살균
Laminar Flow Chamber 층류 실
3) Inoculation

16. Laminar Flow Chamber 층류 실
UV Light

17. Laminar Flow Chamber 층류 실
Reduce the danger of infection
Preventing contamination
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters have pore sizes as small as 3 mm and are used to filter air in laminar flow hood device
비층류 방식의 크린룸은 난류방식이라고도 불려 지는것으로서 일반적인 공조설비에 HEPA filter를 사용하므 로서 청정공간을 얻을수 있는 것이다.

18. Remove unnecessary objects
Absolutely wrong
Remove unnecessary objects

19. Partially closed door
Alcohol burner
Bunsen 분젠 Burner 연소기

20. Bunsen 분젠 Burner 연소기
Methane CH4 gas is fed from the gas inlet through the gas control valve.

21. SAFETY 안전 Bunsen burner - most common lab accidents
Hot Temperatures – no PLAY with the flame.
Long hair MUST be tied back. Hair is VERY flammable.
SAFETY GLASSES MUST be worn at ALL TIMES.
Make sure that NO FLAMMABLE objects are near the lit Bunsen Burner.

22. Bunsen burner flames depend on air flow in the throat holes (on the burner side):
air hole closed (safety flame used for lighting or default),
air hole slightly open,
air hole half open,
hole almost fully open (roaring blue flame).

23. The Flames 불꽃 of the Bunsen Burner
Non- Luminous 발광
With the Air Hole OPEN
Un-burnt gas
This flame is very HOT

24. This flame is: Yellow Silent Visible Cool Sooty Safe
The "coolest" flame is a yellow / orange color.  It is approximately 300°C.  It is never used to heat anything, only to show that the Bunsen burner is on.  It is called the safety flame.
The Air-hole is CLOSED

25. Roaring Flame: Non- Luminous 발광
This flame is:
Blue
Noisy
Non-luminous
Very hot
Clean
Dangerous if left unattended
The hottest flame is called the roaring blue flame.  It is characterized by a light blue triangle in the middle and it is the only flame of the which makes a noise.  It is approximately 700°C.

26. Petri dish 페트리 접시
A petri dish is a flat dish made of plastic or glass with a cover that is used to grow microorgansim

27. Agar Medium
Bacteria
Potato Dextrose Agar
Fungus
Before cooling
After cooling
10 min later

28. Add collected Sample (1 ` 0.1 g)
10 ml
9 ml
Test tube with water

30. Microbial Culture in Lab
1) Sample Collection
Incubator 인큐베이터
2) Sterilization 살균
3) Inoculation
4) Incubator
Incubator is a warm cabinet that you can set it's temperature to a proper temperature for microbes growth.
A good temperature for most bacteria is about 35OC (2~3 days) and a good temperature for most fungi is 25°C (5~7 days).

31. Bacteria growth in Nutrient agar medium
Control
Soil original
Soil 10-1
Soil 10-3
Soil 10-6
Water 10-1
Water 10-3
Water 10-6
Water original
Contamination
Soil2 original
Soil2 10-1

32. Fungi Czapekdox agar medium Soil 10-6 Soil original Soil 10-1
Water original
Water 10-1
Water 10-3
Water 10-6
Control
Soil2 original
Soil2 10-1
No Fungi growth
Bacterial growth
Fungus isolated from onion

33. Loop 루프 미생물 5) Isolation Platinum wire 1) Sample Collection
2) Sterilization 살균
3) Inoculation
Platinum wire
4) Incubator
5) Isolation

35. Isolate colony from mixed culture
Streak plate method

36. Microbial Culture in Lab Quebec Colony counter 미생물 콜로니 카운터
1) Sample Collection
2) Sterilization 살균
3) Inoculation
4) Incubator
5) Isolation
6) Colony counting
Quebec Colony counter 미생물 콜로니 카운터
X1.5 magnification

37. Microbial Culture in Lab
1) Sample Collection
2) Sterilization 살균
3) Inoculation
4) Incubator
5) Isolation
Slide and coverslip
6) Colony counting
7) Identification
Microscope

38. Slide and coverslip

39. Microbial Culture in Lab
10 ml
9 ml
Test tube with water
1) Sample Collection
2) Sterilization 살균
3) Inoculation
Micropipette tips
4) Incubator
5) Isolation
Agar Medium
Bacteria
6) Colony counting
7) Identification
Potato Dextrose Agar
Fungus
8) Sterilization 살균
Conical flask
Hot air oven 뜨거운 공기 오븐

40. Water bath
Hot Plate Starrier
핫 플레이트 교반기

41.  Spectrophotometer
Centrifuge
원심 분리기
pH meter
Ocular micrometer