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Copyright Notice Presentation Plus! Glencoe World Geography
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 936 Eastwind Drive Westerville, Ohio Copyright Notice
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Welcome to Presentation Plus!
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The Physical Geography of Latin America
Chapter Focus Section 1 The Land Section 2 The Climate and Vegetation Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to go to the corresponding content area. Press the ESC (escape) key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents
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Chapter Focus Introduction
Iguaçú Falls, Brazil Chapter Focus Introduction
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Geographic Setting Latin America is made up of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the island-countries in the Caribbean Sea. Geographic Setting
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Chapter Objectives Describe the dominant landforms of Latin America.
Explain why the climate and vegetation of Latin America are diverse. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives
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Geographic Themes Section 1 The Land PLACE Towering mountain ranges, broad plateaus, and rolling plains are the dominant landforms of Latin America. Section 2 The Climate and Vegetation LOCATION Latin America’s vast territorial expanse–from 33ºN latitude to 56ºS latitude–makes its climate and vegetation diverse. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Geographic Themes
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End of Chapter Focus
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Read to Discover… • the diverse landforms of Latin America.
The Land Read to Discover… • the diverse landforms of Latin America. • the abundant natural resources of Latin America. Key Terms escarpment, llanos, Pampas, hydroelectric power Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Additional lecture notes appear on the following slides. Section 1-1a
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2. Describe the abundant natural resources of Latin America.
The Land The Land Identify and Locate Middle America, Central America, South America, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur, Andes, Altiplano, Amazon River basin, Río de la Plata, Amazon River, Rio Grande, Lake Maracaibo Section Objectives Identify the diverse landforms of Latin America. 2. Describe the abundant natural resources of Latin America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Additional lecture notes appear on the following slides. Section 1-1b
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Introduction People from Spain or Portugal settled most of Latin America. To this day, Spanish and Portuguese are the official languages of most of the countries of the Latin America region. Because these languages are based on Latin, the region became known as Latin America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2
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The Americas and the Caribbean
REGION The Americas and the Caribbean Geographers often divide Latin America into three areas: Middle America Caribbean South America Middle America consists of Mexico and Central America’s seven countries. Central America is the narrow land link between North and South America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-3
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Map Supplement 1.1
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The Americas and the Caribbean (cont.)
REGION The Americas and the Caribbean (cont.) The Caribbean Islands, also known as the West Indies, fall into three groups: the Bahamas the Greater Antilles the Lesser Antilles The continent of South America is the largest land area of Latin America. Containing more than half of all South American land and people, Brazil is the largest of the continent’s 13 countries. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-4
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Mountains, Plateaus, and Hills
PLACE Mountains, Plateaus, and Hills Latin America has a diverse physical geography, from rain forests of the Amazon River basin to the mountain chain of the Andes. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5
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Mountains High mountain ranges cover much of Latin America.
Many exposed peaks of an underwater mountain range create the Caribbean islands. In Central America, mountains thread through much of the interior. Two prominent mountain ranges in Mexico–the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental–meet near Mexico City to form the Sierra Madre del Sur. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Mountains (cont.) In South America, mountains interrupt the Guiana Highlands–in the northeast– and the Brazilian Highlands of eastern Brazil. The eastern edge of the Brazilian Highlands drops sharply to the Atlantic Ocean, forming an escarpment, a slope or long cliff between a higher and lower surface. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Mountains (cont.) On the western coast of South America, the Andes…
is the world’s longest mountain chain at 4,500 miles. is the second-highest range in the world. Many people have settled in valleys that are rich in mineral and soil resources. Mountain ranges often block communications, however, thus isolating regions and peoples. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Plateaus and Hills Latin America is also a region of large plateaus, high flatlands often used for grazing and farming. In Mexico, lodged between the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, is Anáhuac, the densely populated Mexican Plateau. Among the Andes, in Bolivia and Peru, is the Altiplano, meaning “high plain.” Farther south, in southern Argentina, hills and low flatlands form a plateau area known as Patagonia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9
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Map Supplement 1.1
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PLACE Plains Areas Narrow coastal plains stretch along the Gulf of Mexico. More plains lie along the Pacific coastline of South America and along the Atlantic coastline of northeastern South America. Cattle have been raised on the large fertile plain areas called llanos, which run along the Caribbean coast of South America. The Amazon River basin is the largest lowland area of South America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-10
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Map Supplement 1.1
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PLACE Plains Areas (cont.) Just south of the Amazon River basin is the Gran Chaco, a heavily forested lowland. In direct contrast are the grassy, treeless plains of Argentina and Uruguay, known as Pampas. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Rivers, Lakes, and Waterfalls
MOVEMENT Rivers, Lakes, and Waterfalls Latin America includes numerous water systems–extensive rivers and tributaries, large lakes, and spectacular waterfalls. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-12
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Rivers Most of the major rivers of the region are in South America.
The Amazon, the longest river in the Western Hemisphere, is the most extensive river system in South America and drains much of Brazil and other nearby lands. The Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay rivers form the second-largest river system in South America. The Paraguay and Uruguay rivers join to become Río de la Plata, which means “river of silver.” Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-13
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Map Supplement 1.1
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Lakes and Waterfalls Latin America does not have many large lakes; however... Lake Titicaca is the world’s highest large navigable lake. the region’s largest lake, Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, contains the most important oil fields in that country. Lake Nicaragua, the largest lake in Central America, lies on the border between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Angel Falls, in Venezuela, is the world’s highest uninterrupted waterfall, dropping 3,212 feet. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-14
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Map Supplement 1.1
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REGION Natural Resources Latin America has significant natural resources, some not yet utilized. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-15
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Energy Resources Latin American countries are among the world’s leading producers of oil and natural gas. Natural gas is extracted in many of the same areas that produce oil. Coal is found in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Honduras. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-16
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Energy Resources (cont.)
Deposits of uranium are located in Brazil and Argentina. Rivers and waterfalls give many countries the capacity for hydroelectric power, the energy of water generating electricity. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-17
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Mineral Resources Latin America is rich in a number of mineral resources: Bauxite, which is used to make aluminum, is mined in Jamaica and Guyana. Copper deposits are found in the Atacama Desert in Chile. Tin reserves are found in Bolivia and Brazil. Silver is mined in Peru and Mexico. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-18
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
What are the three geographic areas of Latin America? The three geographic areas of Latin America are Middle America, the Caribbean, and South America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 1
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Why does much of Latin America have the potential to produce hydroelectric power? Many countries have rivers and waterfalls that can be used to generate hydroelectric power. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 2
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End of Section 1
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The Climate and Vegetation
Read to Discover… • the climate regions of Latin America. • the kinds of vegetation found in Latin America. Key Terms tierra caliente, tierra templada, tierra fría, canopy Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Additional lecture notes appear on the following slides. Section 2-1a
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The Climate and Vegetation
Identify and Locate Atacama Desert, Climate regions: Mediterranean, marine west coast, tropical rain forest, tropical savanna, humid subtropical, desert, steppe, highland Section Objectives Name the climate regions of Latin America. 2. Discuss the kinds of vegetation found in Latin America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Additional lecture notes appear on the following slides. Section 2-1b
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Introduction Latin America has a wide range of climates and vegetation, the two being closely linked. Traveling the region, a person can go from desert to tropical rain forest, from subtropical plain to grassy plateau to barren, cold steppe. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2
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Introduction (cont.) Other smaller climate regions, such as in central Chile where the climate is Mediterranean, or on the lower slopes of the Chilean Andes, where a marine west coast climate brings constant rain and winds, exist throughout the region. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-3
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REGION Climate Regions Much of Latin America lies in the low latitudes–between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Much of Latin America has some form of tropical climate. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-4
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Tropical Climates A tropical rain forest climate of hot temperatures and abundant rainfall occurs in southern Mexico, eastern Central America, the eastern shores of some Caribbean Islands, and large parts of South America. Most of Central America and the Caribbean Islands, however, have a tropical savanna climate. Tropical savanna areas are hot and very wet, but not all year round. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-5
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Humid Subtropical Climate
A humid subtropical climate of short, mild winters and long, humid summers prevails in southeastern South America, from Rio de Janeiro to northern Argentina. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6
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Desert Climate A desert climate of hot and dry conditions occurs in northern Mexico, southern and northwestern Argentina, and the Pacific coastal areas of Peru and Chile. The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places in the world. In some parts of this desert area, no rainfall has ever been recorded. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7
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Steppe Climate Some parts of Latin America receive little rainfall but do not have a desert climate. Instead, they have a steppe climate of hot summers, cold winters, and light rainfall. A steppe climate occurs in… northern Mexico. highland areas in South America near the Andes. coastal areas of South America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8
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Highland Climates Highland climates dominate along the Sierra Mountains and along the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. How warm, cool, or cold an area is depends on latitude and elevation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9
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Highland Climates (cont.)
Highland climates are commonly arranged vertically into three major zones: Tierra caliente, “hot country,” are lands at the lowest altitudes (sea level to 3,000 feet above sea level at or near the Equator). Tierra templada, “temperate country,” are lands 3,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level. Tierra fría, “cold country,” are lands at the highest altitude (6,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level). Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-10
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Map Supplement 2.1
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Chart Supplement 2.1
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REGION Vegetation The natural vegetation of Latin America consists mainly of rain forests and grasslands. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-11
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Tropical Rain Forests A number of tropical rain forests are scattered across Latin America, mostly near the Equator. The largest rain forest, covering about one-third of South America, is in Brazil in the Amazon River basin. In the tropical rain forests, the tops of evergreen trees form a canopy, or covering, that keeps the sun from reaching the forest floor. More kinds of trees and species of animals live in these rain forests than in any other area of the world. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-12
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Grasslands and Deserts
Prairie-like grasses, short and growing in clumps, grow in the humid subtropical climates. Because of their rainy seasons, some grassland areas are covered with scattered trees. Geographers consider these areas as transition regions between grasslands and forests. Few plants grow in desert areas. What does grow usually consists of prickly cacti and small bushes. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-13
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Vertical Climate Zones
In tropical highland and mountain areas, the vegetation varies with elevation. In the hot, wet tierra caliente, lush vegetation flourishes with crops such as rice, sugarcane, and cacao. Most people settle in the tierra templada, where coffee, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables are cultivated. Coffee is the chief crop. Potatoes and barley are grown in the tierra fría. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-14
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Chart Supplement 2.2
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
What kind of climate does Cuba have? Cuba has a tropical savanna climate. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Review 1
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
How are climate and vegetation in Latin America affected by elevation above sea level? The kind of vegetation in an area depends on the climate, which in turn depends on the elevation and latitude of an area. Elevation and latitude affect how warm an area is. Areas grow cooler the farther their location from the Equator and the higher their elevation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Review 2
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End of Section 2
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Section 1 Summary Latin America is made up of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean Islands. Huge mountain ranges, the largest of which is the Andes, dominate much of Latin America, often blocking communications. Large plateaus, used for grazing and farming, dot the Latin American landscape. Plains areas of Latin America have provided significant land areas for pastureland, farmland, and forestland. Most of the major river systems of Latin America, including the Amazon and the Río de la Plata, are in South America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Summary 1
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Section 2 Summary Tropical climates such as tropical rain forest and tropical savanna are the most common climates in Latin America. While a subtropical climate brings mild winters, hot summers, and a short dry season to grassland areas, other areas have a desert climate or a steppe climate. One of the most significant features of Latin America’s climate and vegetation are three highland zones based on elevation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Summary 2
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Section 2 Summary (cont.) The natural vegetation of Latin America varies according to climate and ranges from lush tropical rain forest evergreens to desert cacti. Among the major natural resources of Latin America are oil, natural gas, bauxite, tin, copper, gold, silver, and valuable gems. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Summary 3
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
The fertile plains in Argentina and Uruguay are called _______. Pampas _______________ results from the use of water to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power The fertile plains in Colombia and Venezuela are called _____. llanos In the Brazilian Highlands, low mountain ranges drop sharply to the sea to form an _________. escarpment Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment (1)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Lands from 3,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level are in the zone called ___________. tierra templada Lands at sea level to 3,000 feet above sea level at or near the Equator fall in the zone called __________. tierra caliente Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment (2)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Tops of trees in a rain forest form a ______. canopy Lands at 6,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level are in the _______. tierra fría Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment (3)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Into what three groups is the West Indies divided? The West Indies is divided into the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser Antilles. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment (4)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
What are the eight climate regions of Latin America? The eight climate regions are: 1. Mediterranean 2. marine west coast 3. tropical rain forest 4. tropical savanna 5. humid subtropical 6. desert 7. steppe 8. highland Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment (5)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Match the letters on the map with the places and physical features of Latin America. 1. Gulf of Mexico 2. Pampas 3. Lake Maracaibo 4. Rio Grande 5. Mexican Plateau 6. Orinoco River 7. Lake Titicaca 8. Hispaniola 9. Caribbean Sea 10. Amazon River Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment (6)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
What are the dominant climate regions of Brazil? 1. tropical rain forest, tropical savanna, and humid subtropical 2. desert, steppe, and humid subtropical 3. desert, highland, and tropical rain forest 4. desert, highland, and Mediterranean Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Bonus
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End of Chapter Assessment
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Goto Contents
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South America (overview) The Atacama Amazon Basin The Llanos
Click a hyperlink to choose a video topic: South America (overview) The Atacama Amazon Basin The Llanos NG Contents (main)
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3
South America Point to South America on a map. Describe South America’s location using standard map coordinates. Name the bodies of water and landmasses nearest South America, and indicate their locations in relation to the continent. Describe and differentiate among the regions of South America shown in the video. Compare South America to other continents in terms of its size. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. NG4 Video 1
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3
South America Click the Videodisc button anytime throughout this section to play the complete video if you have a videodisc player attached to your computer. Click the Forward button to view the discussion questions. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames Click in the above window to show a preview of the National Geographic video. NG4 Video 2
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America What climates are found in South America? Tropical, subtropical, desert, steppe, and highland climates are all found in South America. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. NG4 Video 3
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The Atacama Amazon Basin The Llanos
Click a hyperlink to choose a video topic: The Atacama Amazon Basin The Llanos NG Contents (Section 2)
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South America: The Atacama
STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America: The Atacama Identify the forces that make the Atacama Desert the driest place on earth. Explain the impact of Lake Titicaca on life in the Altiplano. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. NG1 Video 1
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South America: The Atacama
STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America: The Atacama Click the Videodisc button anytime throughout this section to play the complete video if you have a videodisc player attached to your computer. Click the Forward button to view the discussion questions. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames 19680–21955 Click in the above window to show a preview of the National Geographic video. NG1 Video 2
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America: The Atacama
Why is the Atacama Desert the driest place on earth? The height of the Andes prevents rain-bearing clouds from passing over the mountains from east to west, resulting in desert conditions on the western side of the central Andes. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames 19680–21955 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. NG1 Video 3
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3
South America: Amazon Basin Map the extent of the Amazon River basin and other river systems of South America. Describe the ecological abundance of the Amazon basin. Explain how the Amazon River basin supports life. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. NG2 Video 1
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3
South America: Amazon Basin Click the Videodisc button anytime throughout this section to play the complete video if you have a videodisc player attached to your computer. Click the Forward button to view the discussion questions. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames Click in the above window to show a preview of the National Geographic video. NG2 Video 2
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3
South America: Amazon Basin Describe the ecological abundance of the Amazon basin. It is the most diverse and abundant environment on earth. Scientists believe that one-third of all of the earth’s species live there. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. NG2 Video 3
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America: The Llanos
Understand that South America is a land of diverse climates. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. NG3 Video 1
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STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America: The Llanos
Click the Videodisc button anytime throughout this section to play the complete video if you have a videodisc player attached to your computer. Click the Forward button to view the discussion questions. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames Click in the above window to show a preview of the National Geographic video. NG3 Video 2
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South America: The Llanos
STV: World Geography, Volume 3 South America: The Llanos What climate classification does the Llanos fit into? The Llanos fits into a tropical savanna climate–warm all year but with definite dry and wet seasons. Side 1 Chapter 1 Frames Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. NG3 Video 3
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End of NG Video
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Map and Graph Skills Reading a Relief Map
After listening to the introduction, take a few moments to read “Reviewing the Skill” on page 170 in your textbook. Social Studies Skills 1
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Use the relief map to answer the following questions: What country is highlighted on the map? Peru What is the elevation of the green areas on the map? under 1,000 feet Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Social Studies Skills 2
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Use the relief map to answer the following questions: What elevation on the map does the color orange represent? 5,000–10,000 feet What color is used to show the highest elevations on the map? How many feet high are these areas? white; over 10,000 feet Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Social Studies Skills 3
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End of Social Studies Skills
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Use the MindJogger videoquiz as a preview, review, or both.
Click the Videodisc button to play the MindJogger video if you have a videodisc player attached to your computer. If you experience difficulties, check the Troubleshooting section in the Help system. Disc 1 Side B Chapter 8 MindJogger
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Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Presentation Plus! Web site. At this site, you will find a complete list of Web sites correlated with the chapters in the Glencoe World Geography textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to Cyberlink
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Explore online news resources to find out what is currently happening in the United States and around the world. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe Current Events Web site. At this site, you will find numerous links to different news agencies. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to Current Events
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Section Focus 1
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Section Focus 1 (Answers)
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Section Focus 2
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Section Focus 2 (Answers)
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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
To what climate region does the following rebus refer? – S = Desert Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Extra Credit
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Comparing Lands
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End of Custom Shows (Do not remove.)
WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation. End of Custom Shows (Do not remove.)
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