1. What’s in the Nucleus? Genetic material Helix Found in the nucleus
Contains the directions for making proteins
Passed from one generation to the next
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Helix
A coil that has a constant diameter

2. Double helix A coil made up of two strands, each of which is a helix
DNA’s shape
Complete yarn activity
from genes to proteins activity 5

3. The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle begins when the cell is formed and ends when the cell divides and forms new cells.
It is the way multicellular organisms replace old cells that can no longer carry out life functions.
It ensures that each new cell can perform the same function as the old cell it is replacing.

4. Interphase - the cell prepares for division
G1 – the cell grows and does its job
S – Chromosomes (DNA) are copied
G2 – organelles and extra cytoplasm are replicated

5. Mitosis
Forms two new nuclei – each with a complete set of chromosomes.

6. Prophase - chromosomes condense into rod-like structures called chromatids
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from:

7. Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell. Homologous chromosomes pair up
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from:

8. Anaphase – the chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from:

9. Telophase – a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from:

10. Cytokinesis
The process by which cells split their cytoplasm into two new daughter cells *In animal cells the cell membrane is drawn in and pinches into two *In plant cells a cell plate forms and becomes the cell wall

11. cytokinesis

12. Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             
Cytokinesis                                                             

13. Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             
Cytokinesis                                                             

14. Outline of the Cell Cycle
Interphase Chromosomes (shape)
G1 thread like- chromatin S G2
Mitosis rod like- chromatids
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis thread like- chromatin

15. Homologous Chromosome
Chromosomes –
made up of DNA and proteins
humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell.
Chromatin - chromosomes uncoiled and spread out in the nucleus (thread-like)
Chromatid – chromosomes condensed into rod-like structures; chromatids occur in pairs in the shape of an X

16. A duplicated chromosome has two identical DNA strands, called chromatids that are held together at a region called the centromere.

17. Making Prokaryotic cells
Are less complex than eukaryotic they have:
Ribosomes, single circular DNA molecule
No membrane enclosed organelles

18. Binary Fission
Prokaryotic cell division is by “binary fission” which means “splitting into two parts”
The cell splits into two separate parts
Each part has one copy of the circular DNA (page 86 in textbook).

19. The cell cycle Flap-a-Doodle
Label and add pictures under your flaps on the page.
Pictures are not in order use pages in textbook.

20. Events in the cell cycle
Chromosomes
Other
Interphase
a copy is made; they are thread-like (chromatin)
Prepares for division; grows; does its job; makes more organelles
M I T O S I S
Prophase
Condenses into rod-like structures called chromatids
Mitosis begins; nuclear membrane breaks apart; spindle fibers form; centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
Metaphase
line up in the middle of the cell; homologous chromosomes pair up
nuclear membrane disappears; spindle fibers attach at the centromere
Anaphase
Chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase
They uncoil becoming chromatin
Mitosis is complete; cell plate forms in plant cells; nuclear membranes form
Cytokinesis
Thread-like (chromatin)
Two new identical daughter cells have formed; in plant cells, cell plate becomes cell wall
High light red areas on your chart.

21. The Cell Cycle All living things come from existing cells.
Cells can divide again and again
The three stages of the Cell Cycle:
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis