1. “Defying Definition”

2. What we’ll do Read the essay Annotate for devices/appeals
Warning: it does say the “f-word” so let me know if you want me to black it out for you
Annotate for devices/appeals
Answer practice Benchmark 2 questions
Workshop an extended response together

3. Discuss the piece
What are your initial responses/vie ws of it?
What is he trying to say?

4. Practice B2 questions
Benchmark 2 will not only ask you to identify devices, it will ask you about the effect or purpose of those devices
With your partners, answer the following questions to practice determining the effect of devices

5. What device is being used when Hutchinson uses the words “I am not, however”, and what is the intended effect?
For effect, what is it emphasizing?

6. For Benchmark 2 tomorrow, you need to decide what it is emphasizing
What device is being used when Hutchinson uses the words “I am not, however”, and what is the intended effect?
Hutchinson uses anaphora.
The effect is to emphasize that the numerous things he does not define him, which allows him to argue that his depression is just another feature (like his shoes or his jobs)
For Benchmark 2 tomorrow, you need to decide what it is emphasizing

7. On page 2, Hutchison says “we define words, not people”
On page 2, Hutchison says “we define words, not people”. What device is being used and what is its intended purpose?  
For purpose, why does the author include this device? (think about what the device does)

8. On page 2, Hutchison says “we define words, not people”
On page 2, Hutchison says “we define words, not people”. What device is being used and what is its intended purpose?  
He uses antithesis.
The purpose is to contrast the line between what is defined (words) and what is not (people). This allows Hutchinson to further emphasize his main point that people should not be defined by their mental illness.
For B2 tomorrow, you will need to talk about what is being contrasted, and discuss WHY those things need to be contrasted (what is it revealing about the speaker’s state of being?)

9. Hutchinson on page 5 includes an anecdote about his boss
Hutchinson on page 5 includes an anecdote about his boss. What is the purpose of providing this anecdote?
Consider what his main idea is, and is this illustrative of it

10. Hutchinson on page 5 includes an anecdote about his boss
Hutchinson on page 5 includes an anecdote about his boss. What is the purpose of providing this anecdote?
Hutchinson discusses his own experience in order to establish not only his ethos (credibility), but to illustrate a specific example where he was defined by his depression – something he explicitly says he does not want to happen. By describing an event where this happens, Hutchinson is able to explain why it was bad, the negative effect it has on him (he feels hurt), and uses it to help prove his overall point that society needs to change the ways it treats those with mental illnesses.
Focus on what is the content of the anecdote, and why it would be necessary for the audience to know that this happened

11. On page 7, Hutchison uses the anaphora “It is not…” & “It may…” to start several sentences; what is the main idea he is trying to get the audience to think about?
Look at the sentences that include each anaphora; what do they all have in common?

12. On page 7, Hutchison uses the anaphora “It is not…”and “It may” to start several sentences; what is the main idea he is trying to get the audience to think about?
He is emphasizing that depression, while an aspect of a person’s life, does not define him. He uses this repetition to emphasize his main point, and further drive it home to his audience.
Identify what is identified; the main idea refers to what the speaker is trying to get his audience to know/understand

13. Extended response practice
Explain how Shaun David Hutchinson uses either ethos, logos, or pathos in this speech (choose one). Then explain how the intended effect supports his purpose. Use one piece of evidence in your answer. 

14. Recommended process
Use the same purpose from the short answer portion (who is the speaker and what is his purpose)
Then, pick evidence based on what most strongly supports that purpose
ie, what part convinces you the most
For B2 you only need one piece of evidence
THEN, determine if it is ethos/pathos/logos

15. Determining the appeal
You determine what appeal is strongest, based on what moves you:
Ethos: would it be as compelling if it wasn’t this particular speaker?
Who Abdul-Jabbar is (his position and experience)
Logos: would it be as compelling without these facts?
His rationale (statistics, logical reasoning, etc.)
Pathos: does it move you emotionally? Are you touched?
His passion/emotions (does he say anything inspiring, devastating, etc.)

16. Explain how Kareem Abdul-Jabbar uses either ethos, logos, or pathos in this essay (choose one). Then explain how the intended effect supports Abdul-Jabbar’s purpose.
Same structure as previous IQs, only now you’re focused on purpose
Thesis: [Author] + [Title] + [appeal] + [purpose]
Make sure you use a purpose verb AND explain what the speaker wants
EX. Nelson Mandela in his inaugural address uses pathos in order to inspire the people of South Africa to unite and move forward.

17. Introduce evidence
Quick background – what is the topic of this speech?
Who is the speaker?
What is the problem?
What does the speaker want to do to fix/change it?
This is the speaker’s purpose (what he want to persuade/convince you of)
Use a blended sentence
Paraphrase what comes immediately before your evidence

18. Cite evidence
Same system as before (paraphrase what immediately precedes your evidence)
Internal citation – (author’s last name #)
Make sure you use a blended sentence!

19. Explain evidence Explain appeal
Remember!
No 1st/2nd person pronouns (instead, use “one” or “the audience” or “a person/people”)
Explain evidence
Explain appeal
How is it ethos/pathos/logos? (use key words)
“By describing the high amount of money the NCAA earns off of college athletes each year, Abdul-Jabbar uses logos to….”
Explain purpose
How does appeal to credibility/emotion/logic help the author to get the audience to do what he wants?

20. Concluding statement – restate thesis
Use a conclusion transition
As a result
In conclusion
Therefore
Recap how his purpose was achieved
Therefore, through his use of moving pathos, Mandela inspires South Africans to unite and move forward to create a new future.