1. Taft and Wilson

2. Taft as POTUS Bust 90 Trusts
More than TR
Taft splits the party – angers Progressives
Wanted lower tariffs
Payne-Aldridge Tariff – barely lowered the tariff
Created Bureau of Mines
Ballenger-Pinchot Controversy

3. TR Returns
1910 – TR Returns to the US – upset with Taft, Progressives upset with Taft
Taft supported by the Conservative – business types – “Old Guard”
TR supported by Progressive Wing of the Republican Party
1911 – Leading candidate for POTUS – Robert Lafollette – Progressive Wisconsin Governor
1912 TR actively contacted governors who might support his nomination for another presidential bid
New Nationalism – Roosevelt’s new Progressive agenda; he advocated an increased US government role to remedy economic and social problems
New Nationalism included: Child labor laws, labor laws, minimum wage for female workers, suffrage for women

4. The Republican Convention
Chicago
TR 100 delegates short of nomination – Progressives questioned legitimacy of 250 Taft delegates
Taft delegates controlled convention – majority
TR supporters = Progressive Republicans walked out to support TRs third Party candidacy

5. Progressives Choose Roosevelt
The Progressive wing of the Republican Party met in Chicago in 1912 to support Roosevelt’s nomination and chose Theodore Roosevelt as a candidate with his New Nationalism Agenda
Jane Addams supported
The Progressive Party nickname – Bull Moose Party

6. Bull Moose Party The Progressive Party New Nationalism
Women’s suffrages
Social welfare programs
Min wage laws for women
Social institutions
Government insurance
Both TR and Wilson favored more active role in economic and social affairs

9. Democrats Choose a Candidate
1897 – last Democrat POTUS
1912 – Dems met in Baltimore – chose Dr. Woodrow Wilson
Progressive
President of Princeton University
Former Progressive Gov. of New Jersey
Workers comp
Direct Primary

10. New Freedom Wilson’s Agenda Called for stronger antitrust laws
Banking reform
Promised to attack ”Triple Wall of Privilege”
Favored
Small business, free unregulated and un-monopolized market, vigorous enforcement of anti-trust laws

11. Election Campaign of 1912 Taft and TR were friends
Attack – “dangerous egotist” and “Fat head”
1912 – Milwaukee, TR shot by fanatic – still delivered his speech in blood stained shirt
“See it takes more than a bullet to stop a Bull Moose”
Democrats had long alienated African-American male voters by opposing black racial equality and Republicans failed to end segregation or pass anti-lynching laws when they were in power

12. Continued
WEB Dubois pondered supporting Socialist Eugene V. Debs , but chose to endorse Wilson and the Democrats
Wilson won the election
41% of popular vote
Taft and Roosevelt polled more votes than Wilson
Bull Moose Party fades away
Eugene V. Debs won 6% of popular vote
Elected 1000 people to state and local offices in 1912

13. Wilson’s Background
Born in VA, raised in GA and Carolinas during Reconstruction
1st man from seceded states to reach White House since before the war
In the 1912 election, he had support from labor groups and farmers
Self-determination, faith in the masses came from Southern upbringing
Fervent piety, stubborn, aloof, stubborn sense of moral righteousness

14. Wilson Attacks the “Triple Wall of Privilege”
Tariffs
Banks
Trusts
1913 – Wilson called Congress and personally delivered a presidential himself – 1st since John Adams – new precedent

15. Triple Wall: Tariff
The Underwood Tariff – this new tariff law greatly reduced tariff rats in the US and contained a progressive income tax component – ruled earlier as unconstitutional) to give gov new revenue
Progressive income tax – you pay based on how much you make per year
16th amendment – added to the Constitution and made a progressive income tax constitutional
1917 income tax surpassed tariffs as main source of US government revenue

16. Triple Wall: Banking No central bank
Panic of the Knickerbocker Trust Co. failed – economic crisis
1908 – Congressional investigation led by Rep. Senator Aldrich – recommended a gigantic bank (national bank) – with many branches = create a 3rd Bank of the US
1913- Federal Reserve Act – created 12 district reserve banks with a Federal Reserve Board to impose regulations. US President appoints the federal reserve board
Better weather the 1st World War

17. Triple Wall-Trusts
Louis Brandeis – remember from Muller v. Oregon , the people’s lawyer
Denied that monopolies were efficient
Competition
Better quality, lower prices
1914 – Wilson went before Congress
1914 – Federal Trade Commission
Created to limit unfair practices of trusts by issuing “cease and desist orders” and investigating unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, bribery
1914 – Clayton Anti-Trust Act

18. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
1914
Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust by listing specific illegal practices which forbade price discrimination, interlocking directories
Stated that labor unions are exempt from anti-trust laws
Gave Labor Unions the right to exist and strike legally
“Magna Carta of Labor”

19. Wilsonian Progressivism High Tide
The La Follette Seaman’s Act – eliminated old age abuses of merchant sailors
Workingman’s Compensation Act – worker compensation assistance for federal civil- service employees with disabilities
Keating-Owen Child Labor Law – short lived, outlawed sale of products made with child labor sold between states
Reversed by Hammer v. Dagenhart
The Adamson Act- established 8 hour workday for employees on Railroads on interstate trains with overtime pay
Nominate Louis Brandeis-Supreme Court – 1st Jewish member of the court
Roll back Republican policies that offered selected appointments to postmaster to blacks and increased segregation
The Birth of A Nation

20. New Directions in Foreign Policy