1. Goals To explain how the periodic table is organized
To explain characteristics of various sections of the periodic table

2. How is the periodic table divided?
Into Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Into Families (columns) and Periods (rows).

3. Metals Are located to the left of the zigzag
Exceptions: H and metalloids

4. Metals Properties include: have luster (shine)
can be stretched (ductile) and shaped (malleable)
conduct heat and electricity very well
Opaque (cannot see thru easily)
Most are solid at room temp

5. Nonmetals Are located to the right of the zigzag
Exceptions: metalloids

6. Nonmetals Properties include: dull
poor conductors of heat and electricity
shatter easily
can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temp

7. Metalloids/Semi-metals/Semi-conductors
Along the zigzag
7 total - B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

8. Metalloids/Semi-metals/Semi-conductors
Properties include:
some are shiny, some are dull
not as good of conductors as metals but better conductors than nonmetals (semiconductors- used in computers)

9. Rows/Periods are horizontal (side to side)
elements in the same row/period DO NOT have common properties

10. Rows/Periods there are 7 of them on the periodic table
The number of the period tells you how many energy levels those atoms have
Energy levels are the different areas that electrons can be found
Example… Barium is in the 6th period, so it would have 6 energy levels

11. Columns/Groups/Families
Are vertical (up and down)
Elements in the same group/family DO have common properties
Ex) Li, Na, K all have a similar chemical reaction with water (H2O). They all create an explosion that releases hydrogen gas (H2). Therefore, they are stored with oil, not water.

12. Columns/Groups/Families
There are 18 of them on the periodic table
Elements in the same group/family have the same number of valence electrons-outermost electrons (except transition metals!)
Atoms want to achieve a filled outermost energy level – we call this an “octet” if the energy level contains 8 valence electrons.
This is why elements combine/bond with other elements!

13. Columns/Groups How many valence electrons does H have?
How many valence electrons does S have?
How many valence electrons does Si have?

14. Homework
Complete the top part of each card on the handouts (everything except the diagrams!)