1. Lesley Monk Balfron High School Session 2005/6
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Lesley Monk
Balfron High School
Session 2005/6

2. Let’s start with the thinking behind the answers.
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
In this revision session, we will be looking at the topics we have covered.
For each, we will lay out the main principles and what you are expected to know.
There are always major PROCESSES that should be fully understood.
There are also reminders of what the examiners are looking for in your answers.
Let’s start with the thinking behind the answers.

3. Give confident answers !
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
The examiner is looking for evidence in your writing and sketching of the depth and detail of your knowledge.
They are also looking for evidence of your understanding of geographical principles.
So- don’t be reticent about putting things down on paper, giving a tentative feel to your answers.
Give confident answers !
Not good enough!

4. Do I want/ need a diagram? How much might one be worth?
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Remember to decide how many points to make in your answer by dividing up the available marks. Before starting to write the answer, ask yourself;-
Do I want/ need a diagram?
How much might one be worth?
What therefore will I need to put in it to gain that number of marks?
Are there things that I must have in this answer, like a named example, or a grid reference?
Am I expected to only name a process here, or do they want me to explain it as well?
After all these, how many marks still need to be gained? How do I get them?

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Read instructions carefully, and make sure that you do every bit that is asked of you; eg describe and explain.
If you are given data in the question, make sure that you quote some of it in the answer!
Do not quote too much, and certainly not it all! Choose carefully to let them see your skill-base is wide!
Watch your time, and do not spend too much time on any one part of the question; you will run out of time for the rest.
Do the sections worth most marks first, then the tiddling bits worth one or two only.

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Exam time…
Paper one allows you about ten minutes for each question, with thinking time and map-reading time built in to that figure.
Paper two has only the two questions to answer, at about 40 minutes each. This includes reading and thinking time!

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Try this teaser !

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Practice drawing simple, meaningful diagrams with labels that inform rather than simply name.
Remember that the markers are looking for your ability to identify the processes at work in the landscape, not just remember their names.
Using colour in your exam diagrams may be too dangerous- it is easy to lose track of time colouring in. Is it going to be that valuable?

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Now let us look at the actual content of the course…. what you should be familiar with by now!
Remember that you can be asked about ANY of the topics taught in the course.
If you choose to study one more than another, you could end up with few marks!
Remember also that you are expected to answer questions about the areas you have actually studied in class!

10. The introduction to rock types and properties
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
LITHOSPHERE UNIT
divided into ;-
The introduction to rock types and properties
Glacial erosion and deposition features in uplands
Carboniferous Limestone features
Coastal erosion and deposition features
Mass movements found within these areas

11. For each of the scenery types, you will be expected to know;-
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
For each of the scenery types, you will be expected to know;-
1. Whereabouts in the UK we can find such scenery.
2. What the scenery looks like.
3. The processes involved in creating that scenery, and modifying it, too.
4. How to sketch meaningful diagrams to illustrate and enhance your written explanations.
5. The technical terms used in discussing the scenery and features.
6. Examples of localised place-names where each feature is found.

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GLACIATION
It is unlikely that you will need to know why the last Ice Age happened, or when.
You are going to be asked about the creation of the upland glacial features. These come in two types;-
DEPOSITION
FEATURES
EROSION
FEATURES

13. This leaves the area ready for further erosion.
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Erosion is the wearing away of the land, with the material being taken off somewhere different.
This leaves the area ready for further erosion.
Remember that where the material stays put is called weathering. The weathered material protects the land from further action.
Erosion by ice is caused in three different ways;- can you remember them, and what each does?

14. Frost-shattering comes first. What does it do? How does it do it?
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Frost-shattering comes first.
What does it do? How does it do it?
Where do you not get this process happening on a mountainside?
Can you draw a simple line diagram that shows what is going on here?
What labels would you put to show the activity taking place?
What does this process leave the rock like?

15. Plucking is the next process.
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Plucking is the next process.
How does it link to the first process? (What is the relationship?)
How does the process work?
Can you use an analogy to illustrate it more clearly?
What does this process leave the rock like?
Can you draw a diagram to illustrate this process?
What would be the best angle to draw this from? (above / side view / oblique view/ cut-away?)
What part of, say, a corrie does plucking most affect?

16. Abrasion is the last process.
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Abrasion is the last process.
How does it link to the second process? (What is the relationship?)
How does the process work?
Can you use an analogy to illustrate it more clearly?
What does this process leave the rock like?
Can you draw a diagram to illustrate this process?
What would be the best angle to draw this from? (above / side view / oblique view/ cut-away?)
What part of, say, a corrie does abrasion most affect?
What are striations?

17. scree, rockfall, temperature fluctuations, well-jointed rock, talus,
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Linked to the processes are some technical terms;- do you know what they mean, and can you tell us something about them?
scree, rockfall, temperature fluctuations, well-jointed rock, talus,
Now for some erosional features/ landforms!

18. How is one formed? Which processes form which bits?
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
CORRIE/ CWM/ CIRQUE
What do they look like?
Where are they found?
How is one formed? Which processes form which bits?
What aspect do they usually have? Explain this.
Draw a series of two or three labelled diagrams to show their formation over time.
Give a British example of one, saying where it is.
What does one look like on a map?
What is a corrie tarn?

19. ARETES and PYRAMIDAL PEAKS
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
ARETES and PYRAMIDAL PEAKS
What relationship is there between corries and these two features?
What do they look like?
Where are they found?
How is one formed? Which processes form which bits?
Draw a series of two or three labelled diagrams to show their formation over time.
Give a British example of one, saying where it is.
horn
aretes
What does one look like on a map?

20. Where does this feature start life?
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
VALLEY GLACIERS
Where does this feature start life?
What two processes are most important?
What does it flow down? Why?
What does it do to the spurs of the original mountains?
What does it do to the shape of the valley?
What does one look like on a map?

21. Do you know what these related terms mean?
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Do you know what these related terms mean?
Can you write an explanation about them?
Can you draw labelled diagrams to illustrate them?
Truncated
spur
Misfit
stream
Ribbon
lake
Crag and
tail
Roche
moutonnee
Corrie
lip
Hanging
valley
Alluvial
fan
Can you recognise these features on a map?

22. Now for some depositional features/ landforms!
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
Can you recognise these features?
Now for some depositional features/ landforms!

23. Can you remember what the terms
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
MORAINE TYPES
Can you remember what the terms
Subglacial moraine, supraglacial moraine and ground moraine are?
What is an erratic?

24. MORAINE TYPES lateral drift terminal Moraine field Kame terrace till
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
MORAINE TYPES
lateral
drift
terminal
Moraine field
Kame terrace
till

25. although the ice appears to be going backwards up into
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
GLACIAL DEPOSITION
Remember that
although the ice appears to
be going backwards up into
the mountains again, it is
still flowing downhill, and
delivering moraine to
the snout !
Deposition takes place when the glacier loses its load.
This happens in two circumstances-
Melting of the ice at the end of the Ice Age.
Retreating of the ice.
Retreating glacier
Supra-glacial moraine
Forward ice flow
TM’s

26. Some ice-retreating features
HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL REVISION
What and where
is the
outwash plain?
What is a
kettlehole lake?
Where is it found
and what
causes it?
Some ice-retreating features
What is a
drumlin?
Where are drumlins
found?
How might
they form?
What is an
esker?
Why does it form?
How can it show
the ice flow
direction?

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