1. Rise of the Turks I. The Seljuk Turks 1. 1063 Toghril Beg
a. Took control of Baghdad
b. Took control of Persia & Syria

2. 2. Alp Arslan a. Beat Byzantine 1071 – (Manzikert)
a. Beat Byzantine 1071 – (Manzikert)
-expanded into Asia Minor
b. Controlled Black Sea & Armenia
-Byzantine asked Pope Urban II for help
-“Council of Clermont”
“CRUSADES” began
-Christian v. Muslim Holy War
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3. 3. Saladin a. Controlled N. Africa, Yemen, Iraq…
b. “Sultan” (King) of Egypt and Syria
c. Defeated Christians in 3rd Crusade
-capture Jerusalem (Holy Land)
-ended Crusades
-Muslim victory
-Christians may visit “Holy Land”

4. II. The Mongols
1. Genghis Khan “Very Might King”
a. Took control of:
-N. China, S. Russia, Persia
1218 AD
1227 AD
1246 AD

5. 2. Hulagu a. Grandson of Genghis Khan
-captured and loot Baghdad (1258)
-executed Caliph
-ended Abbassid Dynasty
-failed to conquer Egypt
-Battle of Ain Jalut