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China and Tokugawa Japan and Korea

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1 China and Tokugawa Japan and Korea

2 The Ming Dynasty *before the 1400s China had sent out exploratory voyages- no goals of settling, colonizing or trading- after the mid 1400s, China stopped all of these voyages Ming Dynasty (overthrow of the Mongols) Ming Government- centralized government, vast bureaucracy- all civil servants had to pass a rigorous examination High producing factories and workshops, advanced canal systems to trade from North and South China (grain)

3 The Ming Dynasty Zheng He (court official of Yong Le, the Emperor who moved the capital to Beijing and built the Imperial City (Forbidden Palace)- seven voyages of exploration Reached East Africa- returned with many animals, food and information from the “outside” world The voyages were halted due to the Confucian philosophy that trading activities were unworthy (What if????) 1514- Portuguese fleet arrived at Macao and Canton- “unusual form of Barbarians”

4 The Ming Dynasty Portuegese had very little impact on Chinese society at first Limited direct trade with China- the exchange of ideas was much more profound and unintentional- Christianity (Jesuits)- clocks, European eyeglasses Reports from Europeans about China made people very curious and therefore increased the amount of travel to China Late 1500’s- weak Ming rulers led to corruption and chaos- High taxes led to peasant unrest and environmental disasters- “there were few signs of human life in the streets and all that was heard was the buzzing of flies” 1644 Peasant overthrow of Beijing

5 The Qing Dynasty pacified the countryside, corrected the social and economic ills and restored peace and prosperity The Qing Dynasty was ruled by the Manchus, roughly 1% of the population of China- they became the nobility, large landowning and exempt from taxation (hmmm…) The Manchus rulers allowed the Chinese to fill some of the lower levels of administration Kangxi (Kong-See)- reigned for 61 years- patron of the arts, scholarly and highly tolerant of Christians- allowed some of his officials to become Catholic

6 Japan Late 1400’s the Shogunate had collapsed and Japan was ruled by individual Daimyo, heads of noble families who controlled their own lands and warred with their neighbours. Late 1500s, a process of unification occurred- Tokugawa shoguns would remain in power from late 1500s to 1868 “Closed Country” policy- Portuguese traders arrived in 1543 and were welcomed- tobacco, clocks, eyeglasses and weapons 1549 Francis Xavier arrived converting many people however, part of the conversion involved destroying old shrines Shogun Hideyoshi prohibited all Christian activity within his lands

7 Japan Soon European merchants were expelled, only a small Dutch community was allowed to stay Taokugawa’s ruled using a feudal system- the daimyo were required to stay at the court of the shogun- their feudal lands were controlled by their family- therefore the samurai were no longer needed as warriors- many became the land managers of the daimyo Trade and Industry at this time boomed as the old Confucian attitude towards trade was removed Very strict class system- warriors, peasants, artisans and merchants- no intermarriage


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