1. What was the significance of the Second Battle of the Marne?
Bell Ringer
What was the significance of the Second Battle of the Marne?

2. A flawed peace
13.4

3. Big Four Jan 1919: Met at Palace of Versailles to discuss peace terms
Made all major decisions at meeting:
Woodrow Wilson (US)
Georges Clemenceau (Fr)
David Lloyd George (Br)
Vittorio Orlando (It)

4. Wilson’s Plan for Peace
Fourteen Points
Self-determination
14th point only one accepted:
Creating a League of Nations to keep the peace

5. Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28, 1919 Severely punished Germany:
Lost territory
Restricted military
Forced to pay $33 billion
Article 231 (war guilt clause)
Place sole responsibility for war on Ger

6. New Nations Austro-Hungarian Empire Ottoman Empire now Turkey Russia
Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia now independent
Ottoman Empire now Turkey
Russia
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania now independent

8. “A Peace Built on Quicksand”
U.S. rejected the treaty
Wanted to stay out of European affairs
Left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in hearts of Germans
Colonialism continued
Japan & Italy gained less territory than desired – angered them
Duh there was a WWII…