1. AKS 40: Japan and China
AKS 40 - Investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid nineteenth century CE (GPS) (SSWH_F )
Chapter 19.2 and 19.3 Pages

2. AKS 40a –
Describe the policies
of the Qing rulers,
to include Kangxi

3. Qing Dynasty: What did China look like?
Qing Dynasty – founded by Manchus (from Manchuria) – many Chinese resisted
Rebellions flared up periodically for decades
Manchus slowly earned respect
Upheld China’s traditional Confucian beliefs
Made frontiers safe & restored prosperity

5. Qing Dynasty: Kangxi (1661-1722)
Reduced government expenses, lowered taxes
Gained support of intellectuals by offering them gov’t positions
Jesuits told him of European achievements in science, medicine, and math

6. Qing Dynasty: Isolation Continues
Countries that wished to trade w/ China had to follow certain rules:
Trade at special ports
Pay Tribute
“Kowtow” ritual (kneeling before emperor & touching head to ground 9 times)
“There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed. We have never set much store on strange or ingenious objects, nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.”
- Qian-Long, from a letter to King George III of Great Britain

7. Qing Dynasty: Cultural Developments
Culture based mainly on traditional forms
Valued technique over creativity
Pottery – high-quality ceramics (porcelain)
Drama popular b/c literacy rates were low
Focused on Chinese history & cultural heroes

8. AKS 40b:
Analyze the impact
of population growth
and its impact on
the social structure

9. Qing Dynasty: Causes of Population Increase
Agriculture Improved -irrigation & fertilizer use ↑
Farmers produced more food
Nutrition improved  new crops – corn and sweet potatoes (Europe)
People lived longer, families expanded
**Columbian Exchange

10. Qing China: Impact on Social Structure:
Sons Favored
Only sons allowed to perform religious rituals
Raised his own family under parents’ roof - help aging parents on farm
Females not valued – many infant girls killed
Role of Women
Worked in fields, supervised children’s education, managed family finances
Some found jobs working as midwives or textile workers

11. AKS 40a:
Describe the policies
of the Tokugawa to
include Oda Nobunaga

12. “Rule the empire by force.”
Oda Nobunaga ( )
Wanted to eliminate remaining enemies
1575 – Nobunaga’s 3,000 soldiers armed with muskets crushed enemy force of samurai cavalry
1st time firearms had been used effectively in battle in Japan
Committed seppuku (ritual suicide of samurai)
“Rule the empire by force.”
- Oda Nobunaga -

13. Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t): Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616)

14. Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t): Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616)
Defeated his rivals at Battle of Sekigahara
Victory earned him loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan
1603 – Became sole ruler (shogun)
Moved capital to Edo (later Tokyo)
Enacted policies that resulted in the rule of law overcoming the rule of the sword

15. Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t): Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616)
Alternate Attendance Policy:
Ieyasu had the Daimyo spend every other year in the capital, Edo.
Daimyo were allowed to go back to their land, but their families had to stay in the capital city as hostages….. WHY?!?!

16. PROBLEM WITH CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES!!!
Read from pg. 546.

17. Tokugawa Japan: Policy of Isolation
1639 – Shoguns realized that they could safely exclude both missionaries and merchants creating the Closed Country Policy.
Sealed Japan’s borders, except Nagasaki
Commercial contacts with Europe ended
200+ years – Japan remained closed & citizens could not leave
Continued to develop self-sufficiently

18. Tokugawa Japan: Cultural Developments
Traditional culture thrived
New types of fiction began to emerge – realistic stories about self-made merchants or hardships of life
Haiku – type of poetry that presented images rather than ideals
Kabuki theater – skits about modern life

19. Tokugawa Japan: Impact on Social Structure
Societal Structure
Emperor top rank (figurehead only)
Actual ruler was shogun – military commander
Daimyo – landholding samurai
Samurai warriors
Peasants (4/5 of population) & Artisans
Merchants
Role of Women
With the rise of commercial centers, women found jobs in entertainment, textile manufacturing, & publishing
Most led sheltered lives as peasant wives
* Confucian values important
*Farmers made ideal citizens