1. New Work Modes for Collaborative Writing
Hala Skaf-Molli
Claudia Ignat, Chrabel Rahhal and Pascal Molli
Nancy Université
ECOO Team, LORIA INRIA-Lorraine

2. Collaborative Writing
Collaborative writing is the process of two or more people working together to create a complex document
People can be distrbuted in time (synchrone, asynchrone, multi-synchrone) , in place
They can share writing text, XML, image,multi-media document
Examples of collaborative writing projects:
Open software development (Sourceforge, Savannah…)
Sourceforge projets, users !!
Encyclopédies collaboratives (Wikipedia, Citizendium)
Wikipedia articles produced in few years
collaboratifs books (Wikinomics)

3. Advantages CW [Noel2004] Gathering skills quickly Sharing work
different viewpoints and skills
Sharing work
Reducing task completion time
Reducing errors
Mutual Learning
Learn while collaborate
The major benefits of collaborative writing include :

5. Problems What is synchronous? What is asynchronous ?
Not enough discriminative for some collaborative tool
Some tools belong to several categories
Out of the matrix
Some tools do not fit in the CSCW matrix

6. Synchronous? Asynchronous?
What is synchronous?
For [Noel2004]: concurrent access
For [Ellis1991]: real-time interaction
What is asynchronous ?
For [Ellis1991]: not real-time interaction
For [Baecker2000]: ’’communication and problem solving among groups of individuals who contribute at different times and typically also are geographically dispersed’’
For you 
This confusing definition of synchronous and asynchronous resuts in another pb

7. Not Eenough Ddiscriminative
Version control systems VCS:
Insulated work : asynchronous
But people can work insulated at the same time: synchronous
GoogleDocs
Multi-users at the same time : synchronous
Insulated work : asynchronous !!
VCS and GoogleDocs are synchronous and asynchronous.
Some tools belong to several categories
GoogleDocs :
Copy-Modify-Merge paradigm (as in VCS): copy the document from the server, edit the document, save it back..

8. CSCW Matrix different time asynchronous Same time synchronous
VCS, GoogleDocs
VCS, GoogleDocs
CSCW matrix is used to classify tools …
VCS, GoogleDocs
VCS, GoogleDocs

9. Out of the matrix No classification for some tools
SAMS: Multi-synchronous editor
SAMS do not fit in the matrix

10. Objectives Propose a new model to classify CSCW tools…
Propose new classification criteria

11. SRI Model Each participant has a copy of the shared data
Each participant can modify his copy
Sending, rece

12. SRI Model Operation is: Locally executed (S) ending to other sites
What ? When ? To whom ?
(R ) eception by other sites
What ? When ?
(I) ntegration by other sites.
new page content as in Wiki,
Patch containing all modifications as in VCS
When:
Immediatlty : real-time editors
User triggered : VCS
Presereve privacy
Work offline
Do not bother others with draft modification

13. SRI Matrix VCS U I tool S R I Pros Cons S/U Isulation Offline mode
GoogleDocs
S/U
Online
Reactive writing
No preplanning
No sending precondition
No insulation
No offline
Low responsiveness
VCS
U (if up-todate) U I
Isulation
Offline mode
No same-time
Blind modification,
Risk of redundancy

14. SRI Matrix tool S R I Pros Cons U/I SAMS Work modes transition
Blind Modification in UUI mode

15. New Work Modes IIU U tool S R I Pros Cons U
UIU U
insulation
Blind modifications
Preserve privacy
UIU an improvement of UUI of CVS, deferring integration instead of deferring reception
IIU I U
No blind modifications
insulation
No privacy
Immediat results
IIU eliminates Blind modifications: send and receive immediately (another paper submited to group2007)

16. Conclusion New classification criteria for collaborative interactions
Three phases for processing a message exchanged during a collaboration: sending, reception and integration
New work modes which improve awareness