1. SADC Groundwater Conference 26-28 September 2018, Johannesburg
Gap analysis of groundwater data collection and management in SADC Member States
SADC Groundwater Conference September 2018, Johannesburg

2. Structure of the project
Assessment of capacities and needs
 Gap analysis of groundwater data collection and management in SADC Member States
Capacity building activities
- Young professional assignments
- Training workshops
- Framework for groundwater monitoring
1) Assessment of needs, several activities (next slide)  resulting in gap analysis
Nb: Assessment per country (not regional, not transboundary, not NGO, not universities,…)
2) Capacity building activities:
- in this project (YP assignments, workshops, framework)
- in future projects

3. Assessment activities
Literature review
Around 60 documents collected (e.g. reports, policy documents, technical manuals, protocols and guidelines)
Available in the SADC-GIP database

4. sadc-gip.un-igrac.org

5. - 145 professionals interviewed in 12 Member States
Country visits
- 145 professionals interviewed in 12 Member States
Angola
Botswana
DR Congo
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Seychelles
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Total
Water department 9 8 7 6 - 5 4 3 14 2 80
Other governmental 1 26
Water company
University
Consultancy
Drillers
NGO
Other non-governmental 15 13 12 11 19 17
145
Explain what we could achieve after country visits and what we were still missing

6. - 22 young professionals from 11 Member States 1 ½ months
YP assignment 1
- 22 young professionals from 11 Member States
1 ½ months
1. Overview of groundwater development in [COUNTRY NAME]
6. Analysis
4. Short comings identified
6.1. Borehole siting
4.1. Borehole siting
6.2. Borehole drilling
2. Data currently collected
4.2. Borehole drilling
6.3. Borehole testing
2.1. Borehole siting
4.3. Borehole testing
6.4. Borehole equipping
2.2. Borehole drilling
4.4. Borehole equipping
6.5. Borehole monitoring
2.3. Borehole testing
4.5. Borehole monitoring
6.5.1.Groundwater levels
2.4. Borehole equipping
4.5.1.Groundwater levels
6.5.2.Groundwater quality
2.5. Borehole monitoring
4.5.2.Groundwater quality
6.5.3.Groundwater abstraction
2.5.1.Groundwater levels
4.5.3.Groundwater abstraction
2.5.2.Groundwater quality
7. Reporting
2.5.3.Groundwater abstraction
5. Proposed improvements
7.1. Borehole siting
5.1. Borehole siting
7.2. Borehole drilling
3. Quality checks performed
5.2. Borehole drilling
7.3. Borehole testing
3.1. Borehole siting
5.3. Borehole testing
7.4. Borehole equipping
3.2. Borehole drilling
5.4. Borehole equipping
7.5. Borehole monitoring
3.3. Borehole testing
5.5. Borehole monitoring
7.5.1.Groundwater levels
3.4. Borehole equipping
5.5.1.Groundwater levels
7.5.2.Groundwater quality
3.5. Borehole monitoring
5.5.2.Groundwater quality
7.5.3.Groundwater abstraction
3.5.1.Groundwater levels
5.5.3.Groundwater abstraction
3.5.2.Groundwater quality
8. Conclusions
3.5.3.Groundwater abstraction
Explain how we proceded with the YP, who they are, how they were engaged.
YP mostly come from national/regional gw departments

7. Assessment coverage Little info from French-speaking countries/islands
Discuss Portuguese-speaking countries

8. Assessment summary tables: caveats
Assessment is not exhaustive
Data may sometimes be uncertain
Assessment is a snapshot of early 2018’s situation
Loss of information / nuance in the summarizing process
e.g. 1: If nobody reports a lack of training, it doesn’t mean that there is no such issue.
e.g. 2: If one person reports a lack of training, it may reflect only his opinion. If someone says there are 30 BH, we must believe him
e.g. 3: the situation is changing fast in several Member States (e.g. databases dvp, gw monitoring equipment, …)
e.g. 4:

9. Overview of borehole siting, drilling and testing data
ISO code
Borehole siting, drilling and testing data collection
Storage
Shared online?
AGO no
BWA
all BH
hardcopies + spreadsheets
COD
LSO
public BH
MWI
MUS
MOZ
spreadsheets
NAM
GROWAS2
ZAF
NGA
yes
SWZ
TZA ?
ZMB
GEODIN
ZWE
DRAFT
We separate 2 categories of data: BH data and monitoring data

10. Overview of groundwater monitoring
ISO code
Monitoring of groundwater
Monitoring objectives
Overarching institution
levels
quality
abstr.
AGO no
Ministry of Energy and Water
BWA
yes
Assessment of wellfields and large groundwater users
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources
COD
Ministry of Environment, Conservation of Nature and Tourism
LSO
General assessment of groundwater resources
Department of Water Affairs
MWI
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development
MUS
General assessment of groundwater resources / Assessment of seawater intrusion
Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities
MOZ
Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources
NAM
Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry
ZAF
Department of Water and Sanitation
SWZ
Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy
TZA
Ministry of Water and Irrigation
ZMB
Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection
ZWE
Assessment of wellfields
Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate
DRAFT

11. Overview of groundwater level monitoring
ISO code
Gw levels monitoring
Nb bh
Scale
Method
Frequency
Organization in charge
Storage
Shared online?
AGO no
BWA
yes
~ 1000
local
dip meter + data logger
1 month
Department of Water Affairs
spreadsheets
COD   
LSO 48
national
dip meter
3 months
MWI 75
regional
data logger
15 minutes
Department of Water Resources
HYDSTRA + WISH
MUS
300
4 months
Water Resources Unit
MOZ ?
ARAs
NAM
630
1 day - 3 months
Directorate of Water Resources Management
GROWAS2
ZAF
1800
months
Department of Water and Sanitation
NGA
SWZ
TZA 23
0,5 h
River Basin Organizations
ZMB
~ 100
Department of Water Resources Development
GEODIN
ZWE
527
Zimbabwe Water Authority, Groundwater Division
hardcopies + spreadsheets
DRAFT
Gw level, in almost all countries and relatively well documented

12. Overview of groundwater quality monitoring
ISO code
Gw quality monitoring
Nb bh
Scale
Freq.
pH, T, EC
Major ions
Micro- biology
Organization(s) in charge
Storage
Shared online?
AGO no
BWA
yes ?
local
Department of Water Affairs / Water Utilities Corporation
COD
LSO
national
3 months
Department of Water Affairs
spreadsheets
MWI
variable
Department of Water Resources
HYDSTRA
MUS
Central Water Authority 29
regional
1 month
Water Resources Unit
MOZ
ARAs
NAM
Directorate of Water Resources Management
GROWAS2
ZAF
378
6 months
Department of Water and Sanitation
NGA + WMS
SWZ
TZA
var.
River Basin Organizations
ZMB
ZWE
DRAFT
Less clear data, seems to be on a variable basis

13. Overview of groundwater abstraction monitoring
ISO code
Groundwater abstraction monitoring
Organization(s) in charge
AGO no
BWA
large wellfields
- Water Utilities Corporation
- large groundwater users
COD
LSO
MWI
MUS
400 BH
Central Water Authority
MOZ
NAM
licensed groundwater users
NAMWATER
ZAF
SWZ
TZA
ZMB
ZWE
DRAFT

14. Gap analysis Budget Monitoring objectives and strategy
Interpretation of groundwater data
QA/QC procedures
Data storage and sharing
Some patterns emerge at the SADC scale. (almost) everybody complains about low budget  5 main gaps

15. Budget Insufficient staff
Insufficient equipment (e.g. piezometers, sampling sets, transport, computers, lab analyses)
Staff for monitoring and for law enforcement (e.g. licenses)
BH = new BH and maintenance of BH (Collapsed boreholes)

16. Monitoring objectives and strategy
Few official groundwater data collection plans with dedicated budgets and numbered objectives
Absence of clear groundwater monitoring purposes
Related issues: access to monitoring boreholes, irregular sampling, etc.
GW-MATE, 2006
It may be that these plans exist but are not shared, but it is likely that they don’t exist and that monitoring is performed on an incidental basis, depending on the budget available

17. Interpretation of groundwater data
Lack of interpretation of groundwater data
No interpretation because no data? Or no data because no interpretation?
Lack of training
Lack of software programs

18. QA/QC procedures
The data collected are sometimes (often?) of poor quality
Lack of protocols and guidelines (for monitoring, siting, drilling and testing, for lab analyses, data check)
Lack of field forms/templates
Lack of data interpretation
Some countries have protocols and guidelines that can be easily uptaken

19. Data storage and sharing
Few countries rely on relational databases and software programs. Spreadsheets and hardcopies are still frequently used.
Data are stored in different locations
Lack of reliable data backup strategies
Barrier to data sharing
GW-MATE, 2006
Use of database software could be implemented at reasonable cost
Mention vandalism

20. Acknowledgements
Eelco Lukas, Modreck Gomo Institute for Groundwater Studies (IGS), University of the Free State Geert-Jan Nijsten, Neno Kukuric, Arnaud Sterckx International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC) 145 interviewed persons 22 Young Professionals GMI
Collection of hydrogeological data, processing and mapping  digital hydrogeological map. Downloadable with the brochure.

21. Thank you for your attention
Thanks to project staff and coauthors
Thanks to persons interviewed
Thanks to YPs
Thanks to GMI