1. Survival of the Fittest
Evolution
Survival of the Fittest
Predator / Prey

2. Preview of Microscope Proficiency Test
Checklist for microscope test (failure to demonstrate any of the items listed below
will result in a failed microscope test):
Slide is placed on stage between stage clips (not under the clips)
Slide is focused at 4X
Uses nosepiece to change objective
Does NOT use coarse adjustment knob once you have switched to a higher objective than the 4x (ONLY FINE adjustment knob for 10X and 40X).
Slide is focused at 10X
Slide is focused at 40X
At the end, change objective lens to 4X (use nosepiece)
Stage down
Hand slide back.

3. Evolution Change in allele frequency in the population is evolution
Natural selection is the mechanism by which evolution takes place
If you have a trait that makes you more successful in the environment, you are more likely to successfully produce offspring and pass that trait on.
“Survival of the Fittest”
Ability to produce viable offspring

4. Simulation Predator and Prey
We will simulate effects on 2 populations – a predator and its prey
Each population has a variety of phenotypes
We will see how natural selection results in the survival and reproduction of particular phenotypes
By John Gould (14.Sep Feb.1881) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

5. “The Game” Set up on “lawn” The game: The players:
Predators – that’s you! Different size forceps will represent different phenotypes of predators.
Prey – beans varying in color and size.
Set up on “lawn”
100 of each color prey will be placed on lawn (400 prey)
2 predators of each phenotype will compete (8 predators)
The game:
For 60 seconds, while holding the forceps vertically, predators will “eat” beans and place them into their stomach (small plastic cup)

6. “The Game” The winners: The “other” winners:
The four most successful predators (measured by # of beans captured) will win while the other four will be eliminated.
Each of the 4 winning predators have one offspring of its kind resulting in 8 predators for next round
The “other” winners:
Surviving beans!
By counting the eaten beans per color, calculate the remaining beans per color on the lawn
The color with the most beans (most successful beans) will have the most offspring.
The next round calls for 400 beans to start with
The total number of eaten beans has to be replaced by offspring.
Since offspring depends on number of survivors per color, the surviving ratio will be used to determine the offspring per color.

7. “The Game” 100 100 100 100 400 Will produce one offspring each
Will produce one offspring each
Surviving predators
P-L-1
P-L-2 14 5. 15 27 32 4. 2. 1.
P-M-1
P-M-2
P-S-1
P-S-2 12 16 5 6. 3. 8.
P-T-1
P-T-2 8 7.
“Tiny” predators are now extinct

8. The Game Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum 36 23 20 50 129 64 77 80 50 271
129
Within the total number of survivors (271), there are 64 black beans. Survivor proportion of black beans is therefore: =0.24
0.24* * * *129
0.24 (or 24%) of the total offspring (129) will
be black beans because that is the proportion
of black beans in regards to the total survivor
population x 129 = 31

9. List of Activities “ToDo” page 114 Complete sheets 116 – 118
Answer all questions page 119
Preparation for next Lab:
Practice the with a Microscope
Finish all activities from all exercises in your Lab Manual.