3. Progressivism
AIM: How successful were Progressives in addressing the problems of the Gilded Age?

5. I. Problems of the Industrial Era
Monopolies
Women's fight for suffrage
Lynching of blacks
Monopolies control government
City/Political corruption, Boss Tweed
Child Labor
Overcrowded urban areas – slums
Labor Unrest
No health or safety regulations
Poverty- uneven distribution of wealth

6. II. Goals of Progressive Movement
A. Goals
1. Make government more democratic
2. Make business more competitive
3. Society moral and just
4. Built on ideas of POPULISTS
Who were they?
1. Middle Class
2. college educated
3. Urban dwellers
4. Protestant

7. C. Progressive Philosophy
Pragmatism: people should take a pragmatic or practical approach to morals, ideals and knowledge.
Experiment with ideas and laws and test them in action till they found what produced a well-functioning democratic society.
Progressives applied pragmatism to challenge fixed notions that stood in the way of reform ex: Laissez Faire

8. 2. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor) – believed government could be made more efficient if placed in the hands of experts and scientific managers.

9. D. Opposition to the “Evils” of Industrialism
Henry George, Progress and Poverty, 1879
2. Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 1888

10. 3. Walter Rauschenbusch on the Social Gospel

11. Social Gospel
True Christianity teaches that it is a Christian’s responsibility to attempt to solve society’s problems.
Goes against past attitudes of the Clergy

12. “Now it is very necessary that we should not flinch from seeing what is vile and debasing. There is filth on the floor and it must be scraped up with the muck-rake…men with the muckrake are often indispensable to the well being of society, but only if they know when to stop raking the muck….” Teddy Roosevelt

14. III.Muckrakers Upton Sinclair 1. The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act
3. Food and Drug Administration

18. Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives
1901 – Tenement House Law

19. Lewis Hines

23. Seafood Workers: Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He worked last year. Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Mississippi.

26. -

27. Lincoln Steffens
1. The Shame of the Cities
– Wisconsin Direct Primary
Law
3. Recall, Referendum, Initiative

28. Ida Tarbell
1. History of Standard Oil
: Sherman Anti-Trust Act
: Hepburn Act
: Clayton Anti-Trust Act

29. John Spargo
1. Bitter Cry of the Children
Dept. of Labor
Federal Child Labor Law

30. Jane Addams
1. Hull House Settlement House
: OR law limiting work hours
: Women’s Bureau
: 19th amendment

33. Frances Willard and Carrie Nation
1. Women’s Christian Temperance Union
: 18th Amendment

35. H. Ida B. Tarbell Anti-Lynching
“Solid South” Democrats in Congress blocked any anti-lynching laws from passing

36. IV. Other Reforms Workplace Reforms 1. State laws regulating hours and
conditions, also workman’s compensation.
2. Muller v. Oregon 1908: Upheld
10 hr workday in OR to protect
women’s health

37. B. Political Reform (How did Populists influence Progressives?)
“Wisconsin, the laboratory of democracy…”
Direct Primary
Secret (Australian) ballot
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
17th Amendment
Western states give women the vote

38. C. Bureaucratic Reform
Public control of municipal utilities such as electricity and natural gas
Use principles of scientific management and efficiency to improve state and local governments.

39. D. Significant Governors
Gov. Robert La Follette of Wisconsin
a. regulating RR, lobbying and banking
b. Civil Service reform, progressive income tax, workplace inspection, workman’s comp.

40. Hiram Johnson of California
a. railroad reform
Teddy Roosevelt of NY
a. supported economic and social reform
b. created NYS Tenement Commission