1. The Future of Connectedness: Broadband and Beyond
Douglas Van Houweling President and CEO, Internet2
31 January 2002

2. Success of the Internet
Millions of People
Source: Nua Internet Surveys
4/4/2019

3. Today
The telecommunications industry is no more competitive than in 1996
Internet access in the home and small business is still predominantly dialup
The promise of the Internet has been eclipsed by the .com crash
TechNet and CSPP call for 100 megabit Internet service to the home
4/4/2019

4. Today’s Internet Doesn’t
Provide reliable end-to-end performance
Encourage cooperation on new capabilities
Allow testing of new technologies
Support development of revolutionary applications
4/4/2019

5. The Internet and Innovation
Lesson of the Web: unanticipated innovation
Network growth and value are non- linear
New technologies enable qualitatively different uses
Users become innovators
Network traffic is still doubling every year
4/4/2019

6. Internet2 Mission and Goals
Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet.
Enable new generation of applications
Re-create leading edge R&E network capability
Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet
4/4/2019

7. Internet2 Universities 190 Universities as of January 2002
4/4/2019

8. Internet2 Corporate Partners
4/4/2019

9. Additional Membership
Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members
Over 40 Affiliate Members
Government Research Agencies
National Institutes of Health
National Science Foundation
NASA
NOAA
USGS (Earth Resources Observations Systems)
4/4/2019

10. International MoU Partners
Europe-Middle East
ARNES (Slovenia)
BELNET (Belgium)
CARNET (Croatia)
CESnet (Czech Republic)
DANTE (Europe)
DFN-Verein (Germany)
GIP RENATER (France)
GRNET (Greece)
HEAnet (Ireland)
HUNGARNET (Hungary)
INFN-GARR (Italy)
Israel-IUCC (Israel)
NORDUnet (Nordic Countries)
POL-34 (Poland)
RCCN (Portugal)
RedIRIS (Spain)
RESTENA (Luxembourg)
Stichting SURF (Netherlands)
SWITCH (Switzerland)
TERENA (Europe)
JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom)
Asia-Pacific
AAIREP (Australia)
APAN (Asia-Pacific)
APAN-KR (Korea)
APRU (Asia-Pacific)
CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China)
JAIRC (Japan)
JUCC (Hong Kong)
NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand)
SingAREN (Singapore)
TAnet2 (Taiwan)
Americas
CANARIE (Canada)
CUDI (Mexico)
REUNA (Chile)
RETINA (Argentina)
RNP2 (Brazil)
SENACYT (Panama)
4/4/2019

11. Work of Internet2 Member-focused Member-led
Supported by core central staff
In concert with Federal, state, and regional initiatives
Coordinated with other organizations in networking (IETF, Educause, ISOC)
4/4/2019

12. Internet2 Backbone Network: Abilene
2.4 gigabits per second (Gbps)
207 Internet2 member institutions in 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico
Over 3 million potential users
Sponsored participation
37 individual institutions
18 state education networks
Upgrading to 10 Gbps
4/4/2019

13. Extending Availability: State Educational Networks
Internet2 members sponsor Abilene participation
Currently 18 State-based education networks
Enables collaboration using advanced networking for K20, museums, libraries, etc
Additional regional and state investment
4/4/2019

14. Typical Internet2 University Network Connection
Internet2 Backbones (2.4 Gbps)
University Campus
University Campus
155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps
Department
155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps
100 Mbps
Regional Network 622 Mbps-2.4 Gbps
Lab or Classroom
155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps
University Campus
4/4/2019

15. Network Video Bandwidth Requirements
Video Quality
Bandwidth
Typical Internet webcast
33.6 kilobits
Current broadband video
kilobits per second
TV-Quality Video (H.323 & MPEG-1)
768 kilobits-1.5 megabits per second
DVD-quality Video (MPEG-2)
5 megabits per second
Compressed HDTV (consumer)
20-30 megabits per second
Uncompressed HDTV
1.5 gigabits per second
4/4/2019

16. Advanced Network Applications
High Definition Television/IP
Raw HDTV/IP 1.5 Gbps
University of Washington
Tektronix
ISI/USC
DARPA
4/4/2019

17. Advanced Network Applications
Collaboration
Recording Studio that Spans a Continent
McGill University
4/4/2019

18. Advanced Network Applications
Distance Education
Master music classes
University of Oklahoma
Columbia University
4/4/2019

19. Advanced Network Applications
Remote Access to Scientific Instruments
Mauna Kea Observatories
AURA
University of Hawaii/NSF
4/4/2019

20. Advanced Network Applications
Tele-medicine
Distributed Real-time, 3-D MRI
NSF/Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center
Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
4/4/2019

21. Advanced Network Applications
Virtual Laboratories
Real-Time Tele-Operation of Remote Equipment
North Carolina State University
4/4/2019

22. Advanced Network Applications
Tele-immersion
Office of the Future
NSF
Access Grid
Alliance
4/4/2019

23. Middleware
Increasingly important as resources and services are network-centric
Network-based services supporting applications
Authentication
Identification
Authorization
Billing
Directories
Commercial efforts
Microsoft’s .NET
Liberty Alliance
4/4/2019

24. Next Steps in Advanced Networking
Next generation of Internet protocols (IPv6)
Deploying Middleware
Explore optical technologies
New types of transport technologies
All-optical switching
Potential for another 10x leap in bandwidth
4/4/2019

25. GigaBand Requirements vs. Current Broadband Technology
GigaBand Requires
Current Broadband
At least 100 Mbps 7/24/365
Less than 1 Mbps-10 Mbps
Equal capacity upstream and downstream
Unequal upstream and downstream capacity
End-to-End Architecture
Impediments to end-to-end architecture (Firewalls, NATs, Filtering, etc.)
Network-wide standards compliant authentication & security
Site-specific non-standard authentication & security
4/4/2019

26. Last Mile Options for GigaBand
Phone lines
Twisted pair doesn’t have sufficient capacity without fiber distribution to the curb
Cable TV
Current ‘channelization’ won’t support GigaBand
Restructured architecture could provide gigabit service
Wireless
Current licensed/unlicensed spectrum insufficient
Massive spectrum reallocation required for needed capacity
4/4/2019

27. Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization
Privatization
Today’s Internet
Internet2
Research and
Development
Partnerships
4/4/2019
Source: Ivan Moura Campos