1. Windup Toy
Alive
Not alive

2. The Characteristics of Living Things
What is life?
The Characteristics of Living Things

3. What do you and the grubs in the grass have in common?

4. Key Concept: All living things…
a) have cell(s)
b) contain similar chemicals
c) use energy to carry out life activities (metabolism)
d) respond to stimuli
e) grow and develop
(…and eventually die! – have a lifespan)
f) reproduce

5. An organism is a living thing

6. IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF STRUCTURES IN AN ORGANISM
A CELL
IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF STRUCTURES IN AN ORGANISM

7. UNICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
MADE OF ONLY 1 CELL

8. AN ORGANISM MADE OF MORE THAN ONE CELL
MULTICELLULAR
AN ORGANISM MADE OF MORE THAN ONE CELL
EXAMPLES:

9. Living things contain similar chemicals

10. for example… – water is the most abundant chemical in living things - proteins and lipids (fats) are the building materials of cells

11. Living things use energy

12. Most living things depend on energy from the sun
Autotroph – an organism that makes its own food in a process called photosynthesis
Heterotroph – an organism that cannot make its own food

13. Living things react to what happens around them
A stimulus is a change in an organism’s surroundings
A response is an action or behavior an organism takes when it reacts to a stimulus

14. Living things grow and develop
Growth – getting larger
Development – becoming more complex
These activities use ENERGY to make new cells

15. Living things produce offspring like oneself in a process called reproduction.
Sexual reproduction – when 2 parent cells are joined to produce offspring
This is how most complex (large, multi-cellular) organisms reproduce
Asexual reproduction – 1 parent produces a new organism
Unicellular (1-celled) organisms generally reproduce this way

16. Living things arise from living things through reproduction
LIFE COMES FROM LIFE
Living things arise from living things through reproduction

17. 400 years ago people thought that life could arise from non-living matter.

18. For example, people thought mud turned into frogs and meat turned into flies.

19. This belief or theory is known as SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

20. Francesco Redi set up a controlled experiment to show that rotting meat does not turn into flies!

22. Louis Pasteur also conducted experiments in the 1800’s to show that bacteria could only be produced from other bacteria

24. The work of these scientists helped disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation

25. Today scientists believe that life can only come from another living thing, usually through a process called reproduction.
This theory is known as
BIOGENESIS

27. What needs do all living things have?

28. The NEEDS of living things:
All living things must satisfy their basic needs for…
Water
Food
Living space or shelter
homeostasis

29. WATER Cells are composed mostly of water
Dissolves and transports chemicals throughout the body
Regulates body temperature in many animals
Cells are composed mostly of water

30. Living things need food to get energy needed for metabolism
Some use sunlight energy to make their own food (autotrophs)
Some cannot make their own food and must feed on other living things (heterotrophs)

31. All living things need living space
Their living space must provide them with
water
food
shelter or protection from the elements or other organisms

32. THIS STEADY STATE IS CALLED HOMEOSTASIS
ORGANISMS MUST BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN A STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EVEN WHEN EXTERNAL CONDITIONS CHANGE.
THIS STEADY STATE IS CALLED HOMEOSTASIS

33. Some ways that many animals maintain homeostasis are…
Shivering when they are cold
– to create warmth
Sweating when they are hot
–to release heat by evaporation

34. Now…what do you and the grubs have in common???